Jonathon L. Earle Profile picture
Oct 24, 2021 20 tweets 5 min read Read on X
This is a post on the history of Kawempe. It is written in honour of their daughters and sons, who have helped make modern Uganda. #Komamboga 1/
In 1950, Kawempe was declared a township by the County Council of Kyaddondo, passed by the Kabaka and the Lukiiko. The township was created in response to the development of Ugandan & Asian businesses following WWII. 2/
Earlier, in the 1920s, land ownership in Kawempe was debated extensively during the Bataka Trials. Kawempe had been owned by Kanyange, the mother of Kabaka Ssuuna. It then passed to Muganzirwazza. Mailo undermined the claims of royal women. 3/
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For communities in the area, the creation of a township was a trojan horse, designed to destroy Baganda homes & businesses, while privileging Asian economic interests. More broadly, dissenters saw the colonial government’s effort as a means of eating Buganda’s land. 12/
One of the more extensive commentaries was offered by Kateyanira Party (KP) in Gambuze on 17 Feb. 1956. An English summary was produced by colonial intelligence officers (seen here). KP was deeply worried that Asian & European political rights & land tenure laws discriminated 13/
against Ugandans. 14/
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W/ conviction, writers stated: “If you have already sold out the country, we, the owners of it, are going to fight for its return inch by inch until we live no more. We maintain that Kawempe should be developed as Africans’ own land instead of the interests 16/
of multi-racialism. Money should be advanced for the development of that land in the same way as money is advanced to chiefs for purchasing motor cars.” Adding insult to injury, throughout 1957, numerous Kawempe businesses were issued power cuts & safety fines, which 17/
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only fueled growing animosity. Above are two examples from March and December. In 1959, for understandable reasons, then, Kawempe was an important site for the organization of the Uganda National Movement and its boycott. 19/
Four years later, in 1963, all eyes in Uganda were once again on Kawempe, when the wedding of Miria Kalule and Prime Minister Milton Obote was announced. Long may the communities of Kawempe experience peace and prosperity. 20/

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More from @JonathonLEarle

Mar 8
On this #InternationalWomensDay , a short reflection on women's activism and the return of Ssekabaka Muteesa II from exile in 1955. In this letter, Pumla Kisosonkole (President of Uganda African Women's League), Rebecca Mulira, & C.N. Kasule fight for the end of colonialism, the respect of the Nabagereka, the return of the Kabaka & political opportunities for women. It was one of dozens of letters penned by UAWL. 1/9Image
Following Muteesa's deportation, women exhibited distress throughout Buganda as they lamented the metaphorical loss of a husband. As early as January 1954, Rebecca Mulira initiated various campaigns throughout Buganda to guarantee the end of the Kabaka's exile. 2/9
With 4 women, she warned Bishop Leslie Brown that Muteesa’s deportation ‘might result in bloodshed, as God’s just reprisal against the British Nation for destroying our God-given nation of Uganda’. Drawing from her theology & the history of Israel’s monarchy, Rebecca Mulira argued that Muteesa had been forcibly ‘divorced [. . .] from his people’. 3/9
Read 9 tweets
Sep 23, 2023
As we remember the commemoration of the murder of UG’s first prime minister, Benedicto Kiwanuka, it is important to remember what exactly happened & how it all went down: “Matiya bantutte, naye abaana ba Maria tebafa.” (from Contesting Catholics, by @jamesjaycarney & me). 🧵 Image
At various points throughout the 1960s, Benedicto Kiwanuka revealed a vivid sense of his own vulnerability. The death threats and anti-DP violence that marked the 1961 and 1962 elections left their wounds, Image
building on a personality keenly attuned of any perceived slight. Kicked out of his government housing in late '62, he built a new home on Masaka Road marked by seven-foot-high walls and barbed wire. Asked to explain these security features, Kiwanuka bluntly responded,
Read 37 tweets
Mar 17, 2023
Kabaka Muteesa's return from exile in 1955—seen here—set the constitutional terms that outlined Uganda's timeline toward independence. But how did Baganda diplomats work abroad to return the king? cutt.ly/a4ar3cd 1/13
As I have written, "The deportation was the central event around which anti-colonial struggle in Buganda was largely organised. It fundamentally altered the emotional & political topography of the region. The Lukiiko convened an emergency session immediately after 2/13
Muteesa was deported. Outside of the building, the meeting attracted approximately 10,000 spectators, seen here: 3/13
Read 13 tweets
Feb 5, 2023
Each of Uganda's political parties supported a Federal constitution in 1962, including UPC. I find this photograph from the Lancaster negotiations insightful. The postures and non-verbals of Uganda's monarchs say much. 1/4
L to R: Omukama Rukidi III of Tooro, Omukama Winyi IV of Bunyoro, Governor of Uganda (F. Crawfoerd), Colonial Secretary (I. Macleod), Kabaka Muteesa II of Buganda, Omugabe Gasiyonga II of Ankole, and Kyabazinga H. Muloki of Busoga. 2/4
The result of their diplomacy was enshrined in the constitution, where the kingdoms' federal status was articulated in the opening pages. 3/4
Read 4 tweets
Feb 3, 2023
Omugabe E. Suleiman Kahaya II, who ruled Ankole throughout the first half of the 20th C., was an able archer. Here we see him demonstrating his skills. In the 2nd image, he had just concluded political negotiations w/ Henry H. Bell. Below is the Ankole Agreement of 1962, 1/9
which outlined the Kingdom's postcolonial constitution. 2/9
3/9
Read 9 tweets
Feb 1, 2023
On Tesoland's wealth. Communities in colonial Tesoland rightly saw their economic, cultural, and political contributions as central to the development of modern Uganda. Cuthbert Obwangor remains one of many Teso biographies grossly understudied. 1/4 Image
The region maintained a high standard of living throughout the colonial period. By 1953, Teso District was the largest cigarette-consuming area in eastern Africa, a reflection of its wealth, among other things. 2/4
And as Teso organisers have often noted, it was not without historical reason that a Teso activist, John Kanuti Akorimo, lowered the Union Jack and hoisted the national flag on 9 October 1962. 3/4
Read 4 tweets

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