Whenever I look at Bunch et al #Sodom #airburst paper I find more problems. I already documented the authors’ profound misunderstanding of airbursts (see link). Now I see that they get much of their information about #Tunguska from creationist literature.
In their subsection entitled “Comparison to Tunguska cosmic airburst” they make several false assertions. In re-reading it today, another claim jumped out at me: “The airburst generated a pressure wave that toppled or snapped >80 million trees, some up to 1-m in diameter..” Image
I wasn’t aware that there were any trees a meter in diameter that had been toppled. I didn’t see any meter-wide trees when I visited explored the Siberian taiga in the blast zone 13 years ago. None of the surviving trees we cored were that big.
I also hadn’t seen trees this large described in the published expedition results. For example, K P Florenskiy described an experiment measure how felling moment depends on tree diameter. 95 trees were studied. The largest were only 30 cm in diameter. tunguska.tsc.ru/ru/science/bib… Image
A one-meter tree is quite a bit bigger than a 30 cm tree. To find out if there were really trees that big that were blown down by the airburst in 1908, all I should have to do is look at the source the cited, right? It’s reference number 178. Image
I’ve studied Tunguska & published papers about it for nearly a quarter century. I’ve never heard of anyone named Brazo or Austin doing Tunguska research. I also never heard of a journal called Origins. And 1982 is a little dated. But I found the paper.
citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/downlo… Image
From the author notes: “Mark W. Brazo is a research associate in Geology at the Institute for Creation Research. “Dr. Steven A. Austin .. is well known as a Professor of Geology at the Institute for Creation Research, San Diego, California.” Image
The paper is in a journal called “Origins,” a publication of the Geosciences Research Institute, described by Wikipedia as “a creationist institute of the Seventh-day Adventist Church founded in 1958..” Image
“..In keeping with the teachings of the church, the institute is young Earth creationist, with beliefs based on a literalist interpretation of the Genesis creation narrative. It uses pseudoscientific arguments to reject the scientific theory of evolution..”
So Bunch et al got their information about Tunguska from a young-earth creationism journal that is neither peer reviewed nor scientific. To make matters worse, most of the assertions made by creationist authors Brazo & Austin have no cited source, or are cited incorrectly.
Brazo and Austin’s figures are not properly attributed. For their Fig. 1 they cite “Sullivan, W. 1979. Black holes, the edge of space, the end of time. Doubleday.” (not peer reviewed). But it was originally by Voznesenskij (1925) & reproduced by Krinov (1949 & 1965). Image
Brazo and Austin, for their Fig. 1, also cite “Kridec, E.L. 1966. Giant meteorites. Pergamon Press, Oxford.” (not peer reviewed). But an earlier version shows up in Florenskiy (1963). Image
Bunch et al made claims about “trees, some up to 1-m in diameter,” citing young-earth creationists Brazon & Austin, who asserted “trees up to three feet in diameter had snapped like toothpicks” w/o any evidence or citation whatsoever. Is this how peer review works in @SciReports? Image

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More from @MarkBoslough

Mar 28, 2022
Today I'm going to talk about Example #8 in Allen West's formal "Explanation of Changes in Corrected Paper" (the controversial Bunch et al Sodom & Gomorrah was a comet airburst paper). The beginning of the discussion is here:
Here's the link to West's "Explanation" which invokes the word "cosmetic" 12 times. Perhaps the Comet Research Group needs to change the name of its blog to "Cosmetic Tusk" since it seems to focus on cosmetic appearances at the expense of science.
"For cosmetic reasons in Fig. 15b, we used a cloning tool to remove the partially visible N arrow and replaced it with a NE arrow."

In the published version the NE arrow pointed to the left of north and that would have been obvious if the N arrow hadn't been photoshopped out.
Read 17 tweets
Mar 28, 2022
I'm starting a new thread to discuss the Comet Research Group's explanation of their corrections to the Bunch et al (2021) Sodom & Gomorrah airburst paper, which used inappropriately modified (photoshopped) field photos. The first thread starts here:
"Example #3. The annotated Figure 44c of the skeleton (left panel below) was provided by official photographers of the Tall el-Hammam Excavation Project (TeHEP). It is listed below as the 'uncropped original,' because an unannotated original is not available."
Why were the authors of Bunch et al (2021) unable to get an original copy of this image, given that one of the coauthors is Director of Scientific Analysis and Field Supervisor at the Tall el-Hammam Excavation Project (TeHEP), when I was able to get a copy?
Read 13 tweets
Mar 27, 2022
The Comet Research Group has just released, through its Cosmic Tusk blog, an extended explanation for the manipulated images in the Bunch et al (2021) Sodom paper. I would like to give all my science friends a chance to analyze & comment on it here. cosmictusk.com/wp-content/upl…
According to the CRG's blogger & spokesman, "In an opaque request, elements of the mob petitioned Science Reports, claiming the photographs in the publication were fraudulent. The impact scientists immediately responded to the nuisance claim carefully and appropriately."
The request wasn't made by a "mob". It was made by 2021 Maddox Prize winning image forensics expert and scientific integrity advocate Elisabeth Bik, @microbiomdigest, in PubPeer. It was a series of requests, starting in September (the week after the paper was published).
Read 13 tweets
Feb 17, 2022
This weekend marks 5 months since publication of a deeply flawed paper claiming that the biblical city of Sodom was destroyed by a Tunguska sized airburst. It's under consideration for retraction due to inappropriate image tampering. Here's a chronology.
nature.com/articles/s4159…
Sept. 20, 2021:
Bunch et al (2021) was published by @SciReports. It was immediately met by harsh criticism from archaeologists, airburst experts, radiocarbon dating experts & other scientists.


Sept. 29, 2021:
Image forensics expert & scientific integrity advocate E. Bik (@microbiomdigest) discovered evidence for photoshopping (cloning) of one of the 18 digital photographs of the excavation. She immediately published her finding in PubPeer.
Read 20 tweets
Oct 7, 2021
Here's an aerial photograph of the trees there were blown over by the Tunguska blast. It was taken about 30 years after the 1908 event & was used with other data by Giuseppe Longo to create a map of direction of fallen trees. You can see there is some variation in alignment. Image
In a strong blast wave, there is turbulence & chaotic flow. Terrain influences the direction & intensity too. Not everything that blows down is parallel. It looks to my eye as if, even in this small area, the tree alignment varies by up to 10°. Image
Researchers can survey a blast zone like Tunguska to create a map of debris directing to infer wind vectors by statistically averaging local variation. Longo did that for his Tunguska map. But not everything lines up perfectly because the real world is noisy. Image
Read 4 tweets
Oct 6, 2021
#TEHburst Fig. 4c from Bunch et al (2021) Sodom & Gomorrah paper. The parts of the caption relevant to 4c read, “Sedimentary profiles (c) the ring road in Field LA.. Inside the city, the arrows mark the location of the charcoal-and-ash-rich dark layer." Image
The paper was released on Sept. 20. On Sept. 30, image forensics expert Elisabeth Bik had identified repetitive elements in this image, which is an indicator of possible data tampering by using photoshop to hide features. pubpeer.com/publications/3…
Author Phillip Silvia responded:“The accusation that the image was photoshopped is categorically false. The only edits made to that image are the additions of the colored dots to note the pieces that came from the same pots and the outlines to group them.” retractionwatch.com/2021/10/01/cri…
Read 6 tweets

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