OTD 55 years ago, this small announcement of a new federal construction contract appeared in the Baltimore Sun. It probably didn't attract much attention, but the facility it referenced would go onto become an integral part of the US government's plans to survive a nuclear war.
Built and operated by the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Virginia, and dedicated on December 10, 1969, the bunker inside Mount Pony, about 70 miles SW of Washington, DC, served as the central hub for all electronic funds transfers in America. But it also had a secret function.
From December 1969 until 1988, the Federal Reserve stored several billion dollars of shrink-wrapped currency—incl. for awhile a large number of $2 bills—in a 23,500 sq. ft. vault in this 139,800 sq. ft. radiation-hardened building. The money was in 9-foot high stacks on pallets.
In the event of a nuclear war, the cash would have been used support what remained of the economy by replenishing currency supplies east of the Mississippi. (Presumably there was a similar facility to handle the financial needs of the western two-thirds of the country.)
Until July 1992, Mount Pony also served as a continuity of government facility. With a peacetime staff of 100, the site was designed to support an emergency staff of 540 for thirty days (although only 200 beds were provided in the men’s and women’s dormitories).
A pre-planned 30-day menu of freeze-dried foods was stored on site; private wells would provide uncontaminated water after an attack. The facility also included a cold storage area for maintaining bodies that could not be promptly buried, an incinerator, and indoor pistol range.
In 1997, Congress authorized transferring the site to the Library of Congress. It now houses the Packard Campus of the library's 415,000-square-foot National Audio-Visual Conservation Center, incl. more than 90 miles of shelving for collections and 35 climate-controlled vaults.
Big hat tip to @CONELRAD6401240 for sharing the original clipping!
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Today in 1986, 680 miles NE of Bermuda, the Soviet Yankee 1-class ballistic missile submarine K-219 was on patrol when seawater leaked into a missile tube, triggering an explosion of the missile’s volatile liquid fuel that killed three sailors and crippled the submarine.
Under very dangerous conditions, the crew managed to shut down the submarine’s reactors and stabilize it. Captain Igor Britanov was ordered to have the K-219 towed by freighter 4,300 miles to its homeport of Gadzhiyevo (near Murmansk), but it flooded and sank three days later.
The K-219—including its two nuclear reactors, 16 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, and 32-48 thermonuclear warheads—sank in 18,000 feet of water to the bottom of the Hatteras Abyssal Plain.
This afternoon in 1957, in the closed city of Chelyabinsk-65 near Kyshtym in the Southern Urals, a stainless steel tank holding 70-80 tons of highly-radioactive waste left over from processing plutonium for nuclear weapons exploded, releasing 20 million curies of radioactivity.
While the explosion was chemical in nature (much of the liquid waste evaporated over time, leaving behind a volatile dry mixture of sodium nitrate and sodium acetate), a brief nuclear criticality may have initiated it. The explosion’s size has been estimated at 5-100 tons of TNT.
The explosion completely destroyed the tank and damaged two adjacent ones. About 90 percent of the radioactive waste fell to the ground in the immediate vicinity of the tank, while about 10 percent was lofted by the wind in a plume up to 1 kilometer high and 300 kilometers long.
Today in 1980 at about 3:00am, the highly-volatile liquid fuel of a nuclear-armed Titan II ICBM exploded inside an underground silo 3.3 miles north-northeast of Damascus, Arkansas, and approximately 50 miles north of the capital of Little Rock, destroying the missile and silo.
The explosion—which occurred more than 8 hours after a worker accidentally dropped a large socket, puncturing a fuel tank—killed Sr. Airman David Livingston, 22, destroyed the missile and silo, and hurled its 9-Mt W53 warhead through the 740-ton silo doors and ~100 feet away.
Note also the unintentionally ironic, below-the-fold headline in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch that day, beneath the article about the catastrophic accident: “Would Use A-Bomb If Necessary To Defend U.S., Carter Warns.”
Today in 1955, a specially-modified B-36 bomber—the NB-36H—made its first test flight out of Carswell AFB, Texas, carrying (but not powered by) an operational 1-Megawatt air-cooled nuclear reactor. It would make 46 additional flights over Texas and New Mexico through March 1957.
The NB-36H flew directly over Lake Worth, the principal water source for Fort Worth. A B-50 carrying specially-trained paratroopers escorted each test flight. Had the NB-36H crashed, they would jump into the impact zone to prevent any unauthorized entry.
A 12-ton lead-and-rubber-shielded cockpit with windows 10-12 inches thick protected the flight crew from the otherwise lethal amount of radiation emanating from the reactor hanging in the bomb bay. Special water pockets installed aft of the cockpit also absorbed radiation.
OTD in 1954—for its ninth nuclear test—the USSR staged a live-fire nuclear wargame ~600 mi. SE of Moscow near Totskoye. At 9:33am (local), a 40-kt atomic bomb exploded 1,150 feet in the air between two groups of soldiers, some just 2 miles from the blast.
The roughly 45,000 soldiers were then ordered into mock battle under highly radioactive conditions for the remainder of the day. Most had no protective equipment and were not warned about the dangers. Some who were issued gas masks removed them in the oppressive 115F (46C) heat.
Exposures that day were reportedly ten times the maximum allowable level for US soldiers for an entire year. The 1,000,000 people who lived within 100 miles of the blast were given no warning at all. For more about this “monstrous” exercise, see: washingtonpost.com/archive/politi…
On September 11, 2001, US Strategic Command was one week into its annual Global Guardian nuclear command and control exercise. Bombers had been armed with nuclear weapons, ICBMs and several SSBNs were on alert, and three E-4B command posts were airborne. omaha.com/local/on-strat…
Which is why, when Air Force One landed at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana (taking President George W. Bush from Sarasota, Florida, to Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, and, eventually, back to Washington, DC), this is the first thing that happened: politico.com/magazine/story…
In 2016, @warkin and @rwindrem reported that three dozen live nuclear weapons were loaded aboard strategic bombers at three US Air Force bases that day. The other bases were almost certainly Minot AFB in North Dakota and Whiteman AFB in Missouri. nbcnews.com/storyline/9-11…