It is a rather interesting fact that Rhododendron, despite its common status as an 'invasive' species nowadays, and its undeniable deleterious environmental consequences, is in fact native to the British isles, having occurred there in the Eemian.
How can this be explained? Few studies to my knowledge have been carried out explicitly on the subject, but it seems most probable that the key thing controlling R. ponticum was also the main thing now missing from European ecosystems - large, destructive megafauna.
Likewise, though it's true that closed-canopy woods were once predominant across Western Europe, this was itself an unnatural result of human-induced megafauna extinctions. See for instance Sandom et al. (2014) comparing the Eemian to Early Holocene
I do not here mean to be merely contrarian - Daltun's points are not invalid. There *is* far, far less woodland today in Ireland than is natural - in the Eemian it constituted around 40% of land-cover. Truly dense, tangled ur-forests were only some 20%, however.
What is fascinating is that, although closed-canopy forest was far rarer in the Eemian than the Mesolithic, completely open, barren grassland was seemingly *entirely absent*. Most of the landscape, nearly 60%, was temperate savanna, much like what is seen in @KneppSafaris.
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The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, famously possessing even an endemic species of seal. Yet did you know it used to be far, far larger? During much of the Pleistocene, its area more than doubled. It even seems to have until quite recently housed whales.
Dolphin-fossils are known from the Quaternary of the Caspian, and artistic evidence in the form of the Gobustan Rock Art, dating to between 5-20kya, seems to portray some large marine mammal. Also seabirds, plausible guillemots, seem evidenced
Also the origin of the Caspian seal is something of a mystery. It, along with the equally isolated Baikal seal, seems to have radiated around the late Pliocene, just at the start of the Ice Age, but how exactly it got there is, as with the dolphins, a great mystery.
(1) Of all the daring deeds in the history of Man, few can rival the great voyages of the Polynesians. From their origins in the west, they spread north, south, and east, ever east. Yet what of the furthest east? Were the Americas a sea too far?
(2) The origin of the Polynesians is a mystery that has long perplexed anthropologists. From vagrant Indo-Aryans to castaway Amerindians, it is the latter idea, through the exploits of Thor Heyerdahl, that has captivated the world. Genetics, however, are less kind than the public
(3) Today, we know beyond doubt that the Polynesians came, not from the Americas, but from Asia - almost certainly what is now Taiwan, and before that, the south Chinese coast.
Yet just because the Polynesians did not come *from* America, does not mean they did not go *to* it.
Great podcast, but the "dinosaur-fossils inspired various myths" idea is not taken seriously by actual palaeontologists. Quite frustrating how often ppl, even credible ones, keep bringing it up.
Were the stories of giant birds inspired by A: Otherwise undocumented occurrences of ancient ppls digging up and correctly interpreting pterosaur bones, or B: ancient mythmakers going "so you know how eagles are big? Well what if they were BIG"
I don't subscribe to the idea that tales of dragons and sea-serpents are just garbled accounts of dragons and lizards, but even that is far more plausible than the "dinosaur hypothesis".
"Dragon" means serpent, as does "wyrm". These were not tyrannosaurs or apatosaurs.
As a rule, it seems reasonable to contend that any practice which has been historically prevalent among non-agriculturalist groups, and which does not rely upon demonstrably recent technologies, is just as likely to have occurred 50,000 years ago as 500 years ago.
(2) To this category can be counted armour made of materials such as wood or animal hides. The practice of strapping protective material to yourself is hardly rocket-science, and is known to have occurred in hunter-gatherer societies such as the Haida.
(3) Hygenic/aesthetic practices such as complex facial- and body-paint as well as hair-braiding and cropping do not require advanced technology, and are documented from Palaeolithic art as well as modern hunter-gatherers.
Since night is falling and, by the looks of it, the digital world with it, come along and I'll share some of Tolkien's lesser known verses of Tom Bombadil
Cases such as the hyenas in the Lion King and the shark of Jaws are always tough, because while one does not want to be some over-censorious spoil-sport, these portrayals *have* had demonstrable conservation consequences. It is a tough balance, yet the problem is legitimate.
The consistently poor reputation of the hyena is a genuine and persistent obstacle for their protection, of which there is a very real need in places africasustainableconservation.com/2020/05/05/tim…
The author of the novel upon which Jaws was based, Peter Benchley, had such severe guilt about the effects of his novel that he dedicated the rest of his life to marine conservation.
(For the record, there are likely less than 4000 individual Great White Sharks in the world)