About 120 million years ago in what would become North Texas, a herd of sauropod dinosaurs, adults with their young, wandered along a coastal river delta, leaving footprints in the wet lime sediments.
At a later time, a group of theropods or carnosaurs followed the same path.
Silts and clay filtered in and filled the tracks, hardening into two layers of limestone & shale sediments. The Paluxy River unearthed the preserved trackways about 1 million years ago.
The area is now Dinosaur Valley State Park, one of the best preserved trackways from the Cretaceous. You'll need to wade out to see some of the tracks in the Paluxy, some as big across as 3 ft (1 m).
There were also preserved dino fossils found nearby of Sauroposeidon, previously called Paluxysaurus jonesi (found on the Jones Ranch in the Paluxy Riverbed). The Paluxysaurus is the State Dinosaur of Texas.
It's believed to have been the tallest dinosaur ever to exist & possibly largest, as befits the state that honors it.
It may have been able to raise its neck to 55 ft (17 m) high, as tall as a six story building & it may have weighed 60 tons.
Also nearby you'll see Carl Baugh's 'Creation Evidence Museum', embarrassingly almost as popular as the park. It's here because of a misunderstanding/fraud: what appears to be human footprints within the fresh trackway of the dino, suggesting co-existence of humans & dinos.
It was later that analysis showed that the metatarsal of a theropod plus erosion produced what looks like a human footprint.
Note:
(left) museum when I first visited in 1998
(right) museum today.
The descendant of George Adams, who discovered the "human footprint", admitted that in order to supplement their income during the Great Depression, they were making & selling fake fossils (including footprints), some of which ended up in Baugh's Creation Evidence Museum.
Just wanted to share.
Pictured: historical photo of a WPA worker's child. They brought in WPA workers to cut and transfer parts of the trackway to museums in NY, Austin and DC.
Fin.
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Famed population geneticist RA Fisher published this paper in 1936 taking Mendel to task for either concealing, cherry-picking, or omitting parts of his study of pea genetics.
1. The segregation ratios (as in 'Mendelian ratios') are too perfect. Actual observations are modified by noise and distortion, only land on the 3:1, 1:2:1 ratios in extremely large samples sizes of ideal, perfect genetic models.
I want to talk about the Map-Territory Relation in #science & why it matters to many topics in public perception of science.
It's what I think of when people insist that 'science says there are only two genders'.
Maybe you've seen this work by René Magritte, called "The Treachery of Images". The text translates: "this is not a pipe".
It's not. It's an IMAGE of a pipe. It only resembles an actual pipe in one very specific way, from a particular angle, in 2-D.
Like this PICTURE of a pipe, a scientific model or system of classification is by nature a SIMPLIFICATION.
British statistician George Box: "Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful. However, the approximate nature of the model must always be borne in mind."
But the most interesting story about Benjamin Franklin I've run across is the giant pit filled with human bones that was recently (1997) found in his basement.
Really.
A giant pit of human bones. The remains of at least 28 bodies. In his basement. Cut up with a saw.
Ben Franklin lived at 36 Craven Street in London (now the 'Benjamin Franklin House & Museum').
Workers doing renovations found the bones in a buried pit in the basement, remains including those of infants.
He had a special arrangement with a friend of a friend, William Hewson, now called the "Father of Hematology" for his discovery of blood composition and fibrin.
Hewson operated an "anatomy school" in Ben Franklin's garden (back yard) where students dissected cadavers.
He had an acknowledged illegitimate son, William, who was the last British governor of New Jersey & chief Loyalist, running pro-British military operations from his base in New York.
He died in exile. But HE had an illegitimate son...
William Temple Franklin was William's illegitimate son, born while William was in law school, London.
"Temple" accompanied his GRANDFATHER Benjamin & acted as his secretary, worked on Treaty of Paris where France recognized USA.
Brief return to US, then rest of life in France.
Temple had an illegitimate son, Théodore, but he died before the age of 5, and an illegitimate daughter, Ellen Franklin Hanbury, who was raised by HER grandfather William.
Ellen married but had no children, so this particular chain of Franklin Bastards reaches its end.
My hypothesis:
Humans invented hats because we were envious of the marvelous headgear in the animal world.
Let's talk about antlers, horns, ossicones & pronghorns.
#Antlers are shed & regrown every year, composed of bone that begins at a pedicle, base structure that remains after shedding. Antlers are extensions of the the skull.
Mechanism of growth similar to bone HEALING: cartilaginous tissue gives rise to bone coated in skin "velvet".
Antlers usually only form on males, with one exception: female reindeer grow shortened antlers, which may be functional for snow clearing, or challenge between females over scarce food resources.