*Thread*
As a follow up to my previous thread on general sword construction here is one that will be focusing on blade geometry.
Here we will look at some common blade profiles and see how they effect a sword of similar thickness, length, and profile.
Each sword here is roughly 88cm long, 4.5cm wide, and 6mm thick at the tang. This will allow us to see how the weight and center of mass varies between each profile. The weights may seem a bit light but bear in mind there are no grips or pommels on these.
Hollow Ground
A very unique blade profile, capable of an extremely acute cutting edge, making hollow ground blades extremely sharp, while retaining rigidity by having a very thick central 'spine'. The downside to this is that the edge is relatively unsupported, and easily damaged
Hollow Ground stats.
The hollow ground version of our blade comes in at 462 grams, with a CoM 35cm from the tip of the tang.
Lenticular
By far the most common blade type seen in prior to the late middle ages. Is a balance of rigidity and flexibility, very important when dealing with iron of varying qualities. The edge is very well supported and thus fairly durable.
Lenticular Stats.
The lenticular version of our blade comes in at 798 Grams, with a CoM 40cm from the tip of the tang
Lenticular with Fuller
This profile is the same as the lenticular, but with a fuller. A fuller (colloquially and erroneously known as a 'blood groove') serves one main purpose, to lighten the blade and conserve material, without sacrificing significant amounts of strength.
Lenticular with Fuller stats.
The lenticular with fuller version of our blade comes in at 671 Grams, with a CoM 39cm from the tip of the tang. Note That over 120 grams have been saved with the addition of the fuller, with the CoM barely being affected.
Diamond
A diamond profile provides well supported edges and a very still spine, at the cost of increased weight over hollow ground, but with a more acute cutting angle than lenticular. Diamond is a middle ground jack of all trades master of none kind of blade profile.
Diamond stats.
The diamond version of our blade comes in at 600 Grams, with a CoM 38cm from the tip of the tang.
Diamond with Fuller
Much the same as the Lenticular with fuller, the main purpose is to decrease weight. In this instance the fuller will actually make the blade a better cutter as it reduced the resistance inherent to the diamond profile.
Diamond with Fuller stats
The diamond version of our blade comes in at 560 grams, with a CoM 41cm from the tip of the tang.
Hexagonal
Hexagonal is by far the stiffest profile we are addressing here, and it comes at a cost, increased weight, and decreased cutting ability. The edge is extremely well supported however, and can take much abuse. Many cheap wallhangers these days will sport this profile.
Hexagonal stats
The hexagonal version of our blade comes in at massive 1082 grams, with a CoM 39cm from the tip of the tang.
These are not the only variations on blade profile, and I may as I feel compelled add more. Sometime multiple fullers are used etc, sometimes there is slightly more complex geometry involved combining multiple profiles.
I will also at some point write a thread on the common sword types these different profiles can be found on.
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Popular perception of King Arthur is often filtered through a lens of current culture. This is not a modern issue, and dates back as far as the earliest romances involving Arthuriana.
As a primer, it is still often parroted that King Arthur never existed, but current philological arguments on the Arthurian content within the Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals) make a strong case that they are genuine, and date to the 6th century, within living memory of Arthur.
The majority of the earliest evidence of Arthur favors the North, and the earliest corpus of material on the period (exception of Gildas' De Excidio) generally holds a Northern context. However, by the time of Geoffrey of Monmouth Arthur is almost certainly a composite figure.
Interesting approach to looking at Grendel, and other similar human-like entities from European contexts. taken from the book
"MANLIKE MONSTERS ON TRIAL:
EARLY RECORDS AND MODERN EVIDENCE"
The description from the 12th century German Genesis.
This kind of beast, often referred to as Þyrs (a term Grendel himself is called, and later conflated and translated as Demon)
In 1136 Geoffrey of Monmouth published 'De gestis Britonum' later called 'Historia Regum Britanniae' and created what would then be used as the core canonical story of King Arthur. This was the springboard for many 'histories' as well as fiction.
Geoffrey claims to have been translating a "very ancient book in the British tongue" when writing his Historia, and much has been made to try and source said book, though Geoffrey seems to have worked from Gildas, Bede, Nennius, and numerous others in reality.
Much of what Geoffrey presents is not found in these sources however, and he seems to have creatively filled in many gaps, using information gleaned from kings lists and now lost chronicles.
Mordred is always a fascinating figure, and the possibility that he's a composite is present much like the composite Arthur himself.
Medraut doesn't start as a negative figure, and is initially well regarded. Very little of this early tradition survives, his death in 537 as recorded in the Annales Cambriae probably the earliest mention.
"The Strife of Camlann in which Arthur and Medraut perished"
It is only after Geoffrey of Monmouth penned his 'Historia Regum Britanniae" and the subsequent influence of Brut y Brenhinedd that he becomes a negative figure all around.
There is a common mistake of assuming deep antiquity to many parts of later Arthuriana. Excalibur vs The Sword in the Stone is one of those. Excalibur is probably the older of the two, appearing in the Folktale-esque Culhwch and Olwen, which probably dates to the 11th century.
The Sword in the Stone itself dates to the early 13th century, appearing first in Robert de Boron's Merlin. Robert seems to have been heavily influenced by the story of Saint Galgano's sword in the stone, which was extremely popular at the time.
The Prose Merlin, part of the Vulgate-Cycle is clarifies that it was Excalibur drawn from the stone. This is later redacted in the Post-Vulgate cycle which makes them different.
In the incomplete Arthurian poem 'Pa Gur' one, possibly two of the battles in Nennius' list of King Arthur's battles are corroborated. Nennius' battle list is the earliest 'Historical' document to mention Arthur, and it is interesting to see two of it's battles in Pa Gur.
"In the Mount of Eidin
he fought with dog-heads.
Every group of a hundred would fall.
There fell every group of a hundred.
Before four-sinewed Bedwyr
on the shores of Tryfrwyd
in the struggle with Garwlwyd,
he was fierce in affliction
with sword and shield."
Tryfrwyd immediately stands out, as this is almost certainly the same battle as Tribruit, Arthur's 10th battle in Nennius. Bedwyr is said to have fought Garwlwyd here, 'Rough-Grey' often assumed to be the same figure from a Triad, Gwrgi Garwlwyd