John Scott-Railton Profile picture
Nov 23, 2021 13 tweets 9 min read Read on X
BREAKING NOW: @Apple just filed a major lawsuit against NSO Group.

Apple also notifying some recent targets.

Massive blow to the company notorious for selling spyware to dictators.

And there's more... Explainer THREAD. 1/
apple.com/newsroom/2021/…
2/ Apple's lawsuit, filed moments ago in Northern California hits NSO hard.

- Seeks to hold NSO & parent accountable for abuses
- ALSO Requests permanent injunction banning NSO from using Apple products.

Directly hits NSO's core development & biz activities.
3/ NSO poked the hornet's nest for years, and @Apple wasn't satisfied with simply suing the spyware company..

Apple just pledged millions to groups working cyber surveillance... plus any damages that they extract from NSO.

Apple's wrath is poetic.
4/ Notifying NSO victims is another major step.

After @WhatsApp, Apple is the 2nd major company to do so.

✅Helps victims recognize what's going on
✅puts NSO's government customer base on notice: their abuses might be exposed next.
5/ NSO's accelerating tailspin, current status...

In recent weeks:

✅US🇺🇸 sanctioned NSO
✅ Court ruled that @WhatsApp's lawsuit against them could go ahead
✅ Reports that NSO is headed towards possible default.

Now, a massive lawsuit from Apple.
6/ NSO's profitable spyware is predictably used for repression by many dictators.

This didn't scare off unscrupulous investors.

Other spyware companies are now chasing their lead..

Now, NSO's *crisis* sends a different signal: your fortunes could come crashing down.
7/ NSO's spyware doesn't just harm human rights.

It hurts tech companies.

After years of spending efforts on technical means of control (e.g. patching & securing their products), big platforms have decided it was time to punch back in a different way:

In court.
8/ I see @Apple's lawsuit as partly triggered by findings & efforts of so many of our @citizenlab peers:

E.g. @AmnestyTech @accessnow @RSF_inter @EFF @pressfreedom @R3Dmx @article19org & many more.

Most importantly though: the victims that bravely came forwards. Here's why...
9/ The FORCEDENTRY zero-click exploit is prominently mentioned @apple's lawsuit.

It was discovered when a spyware victim let us check their phone.

This is as it should be: targets of dictatorial surveillance contributing to fighting back & helping protect us all.
10/ Immediate effects of @Apple filing suit against NSO:

✅ NSO an even more radioactive investment.
✅ Investors that stuck with NSO look not only amoral, but foolish.
✅ Scares off risk-averse government customers.
✅ Chilling effect on spyware industry.
11/ It would take a huge internal effort for a massive company to undertake any one of these:

✔Lawsuit
✔Victim Notification
✔Attribution
✔Civil society support.

@apple did it all at once.

There are unsung heroes in this story.

Complaint: apple.com/newsroom/pdfs/…
12/ Addendum to tweet #4: @billyleonard at TAG reminds me that @Google / @android should also be on the list of companies that have notified NSO victims in the past.

Link: android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/04/an-inv…
13/ Just 2 weeks ago, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected NSO's claims to foreign sovereign immunity in @WhatsApp v. NSO.

Here's their CEO weighing in on @Apple's lawsuit.👇

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More from @jsrailton

Sep 2
NEW: foreign mercenary spyware is coming to the US.

ICE just quietly unsuspended contract with spyware maker #Paragon.

Remember them?

Caught earlier this year being used to hack journalists.

Bad move for Americans rights, national security & counterintelligence 1/Image
2/ #Paragon was co-founded in Israel in 2019 by ex head of Israel's NSA equivalent (Unit 8200) w/ major backing from former Israeli PM Ehud Barak.

Pitched themselves as stealthy & abuse-proof alternative to NSO Group's Pegasus.

& have been trying to get into the US market for years.Image
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3/For a long time all we knew about Paragon was their performance as a 'virtuous' spyware company with values.

All that came to a crashing halt in 2025 when they got very caught, helping customers hack targets across @WhatsApp.

WhatsApp did the right thing & notified users.

By @razhael
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Read 18 tweets
Aug 29
NEW: @WhatsApp caught & fixed a sophisticated zero click attack...

Now they've published an advisory about it.

Say attackers combined the exploit with an @Apple vulnerability to hack a specific group of targets (i.e. this wasn't pointed at everybody)

Quick thoughts 1/Image
Wait, you say, haven't I heard of @WhatsApp zero-click exploits before?

You have.

A big user base makes a platform big target for exploit development.

Think about it from the attacker's perspective: an exploit against a popular messenger gives you potential access to a lot of devices.

You probably want maximum mileage from that painstakingly developed, weaponized, and tested exploit code you created/ purchased (or got bundled into your Pegasus subscription).
3/ The regular tempo of large platforms catching sophisticated exploits is a good sign.

They're paying attention & devoting resources to this growing category of highly targeted, sophisticated attacks.

But it's also a reminder of the magnitude of the threat out there...

whatsapp.com/security/advis…
Read 4 tweets
Aug 20
WHOA: megapublisher @axelspringer is asking a German court to ban an ad-blocker.

Their claim that should make everyone nervous:

The HTML/ CSS code of websites are protected computer programs.

And influencing they are displayed (e.g by removing ads) violates copyright.

1/Image
2/ Preventing ad-blocking would be a huge blow to German cybersecurity and privacy.

There are critical security & privacy reasons to influence how a websites code gets displayed.

Like stripping out dangerous code & malvertising.

Or blocking unwanted trackers.

This is why most governments do it on their systems.Image
3/Defining HTML/CSS as a protected computer program will quickly lead to absurdities touching every corner of the internet.

Just think of the potential infringements:

-Screen readers for the blind
-'Dark mode' bowser extensions
-Displaying snippets of code in a university class
-Inspecting & modifying code in your own browser
-Website translators
Read 7 tweets
Jul 10
NEW: Mexico's former president under investigation for taking bribes from spyware industry.

Contracts included #Pegasus deal.

Story from @TheRecord_Media's Suzanne Smalley 1/Image
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2/ Mexico's former president is denying everything...

But folks may recall that Pegasus was massively and systematically abused in Mexico.

Against journalists, spouses of cartel victims, lawyers, families of cartel-disappeared people, anti-corruption groups etc. etc.

There were so many cases that we eventually had EIGHT investigative reports...
therecord.media/former-mexican…Image
3/ What still gives me chills is how many cases surfaced of people killed by cartels... or their family members... getting targeted with Pegasus spyware.

The #PegasusProject found even more potential cases in Mexico. Image
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Read 5 tweets
Jun 18
🚨NEW REPORT: exposing a new hacking tactic.

🇷🇺Russian state-backed hackers used an App-Specific Password attack against prominent Russia expert @KeirGiles & others.

It's like they know what we all expect from them...and then did the opposite 1/

By us @citizenlab & @google's GTIGImage
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2/ Let's begin: @KeirGiles gets a message purporting to be from @StateDept asking for a consultation.

The attackers send the message from a @gmail, but CC'd a bunch of email addresses @ state.gov.

Strong credibility signal to have a bunch of gov ppl on the CC line right?

Well, what the attackers were counting on is that the State Dept mailserver just accepts all email addresses without emitting a bounce.

So they seem to have just created some fake State Dept staff names and addresses.Image
3/ The attackers wait for the 2nd interaction to introduce the pivotal deception: getting @KeirGiles to 'connect to a secure platform.'

In the next days they patiently walk him through what they want him to do, even sending a very official looking (but fake) State Dept. documentImage
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Read 10 tweets
Jun 12
🚨NEW INVESTIGATION: We just forensically unmasked #Paragon's Apple spyware.

Zero-click targets: Journalists. In 🇪🇺Europe.

Like 🇮🇹Italian reporter @ciropellegrino.

Reopen's #Italy's spyware scandal.

Follows our @citizenlab investigation of their Android spyware. 1/ Image
2/ Back in April, @Apple sent out a threat notification to a select group of users. Some got in touch with us @citizenlab to get analyzed.

They'd been targeted with a sophisticated zero-click attack (think: no click, no attachment to open, no mistake needed...).Image
3/ While my brilliant colleague @billmarczak was working on the phone of a prominent European journalist, he made a smoking gun discovery:

Requests to server matching our P1 fingerprint for #Paragon's graphite.

Paragon's 'undetectable' Apple spyware had just been found...Image
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Read 13 tweets

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