(i)
Once the venerable Radha came to the Exalted One. Having done so he saluted the Exalted One and sat down on one side.
So seated the venerable Radha thus addressed the Exalted One☸: “Pray, Lord, what for is Nibbana☸.”
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“Nibbana means release from passion,” replied the Lord☸.
“But Nibbana, Lord,—what is the aim of it ?”
“Rooted in Nibbana☸, Radha, the righteous life is lived. Nibbana☸ is its goal. Nibbana☸ is its end.”
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(ii)
Once the Exalted One☸ was dwelling at Shravasti, in Jeta’s Grove, at Anathapindika’s Park.
Then the Exalted One☸ called the brethren, saying, ‘Brethren.’
‘Yes, Lord,’ replied those brethren to the Exalted One☸.
The Exalted One☸ thus spake.
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“Do ye bear in mind, brethren, the Five Fetters that bind to the lower world, as taught by me?”
Whereupon the venerable Malunkyaputta said this to the Exalted One:
“I, Lord, bear in mind those Five Fetters.”
“And how, Malunkyaputta, do you bear them in mind?”
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“I bear in mind, Lord d view of bodyhood, as taught by d Exalted One☸ & wavering & d moral taint of dependence on rite&ritual, d excitement of sensual delight & malevolence taught by d Exalted One as fetters dat bind to d lower world. These r d 5 Fetters dat I bear in mind,Lord”
“As taught for whom, Malunkyaputta, do you bear in mind these Five Fetters?
Will not the wanderers of other views reproach you, using the parable of a tender baby for their reproach and saying thus:
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“‘But, Malunkyaputta, there can be no bodyhood for a tender baby-boy, dull of wits and lying on his back.
How, then, can there arise in him any view of bodyhood?
Yet there is indeed latent in him a tendency to the view of bodyhood.’
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“ ‘Likewise, Malunkyaputta. there can be no mental conditions for a tender baby-boy, dull of wits and lying on his back. How, then, can there be in him any wavering of mental conditions? Yet there is in him
a latent tendency to wavering.’
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“‘So also, Malunkyaputta, he can have no moral practice. How, then, can there be in him any moral taint of dependence on rite and ritual? Yet he has a latent tendency thereto.’
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“‘Again, Malunkyaputta, that tender babe has no sensual passions. How, then, can be known the excitement of sensual delight? But the tendency is there.’
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“‘Lastly, Malunkyaputta, for that tender babe beings do not exist. How then can it harbour malevolence against beings? Yet the tendency thereto is in him.’
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“Now, Malunkyaputta, will not those wanderers of other views thus reproach you, using for their reproach the parable of that tender baby-boy ?”
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When this was said, the venerable Ananda thus addressed the Exalted One☸ : “Now is the time, Exalted One☸. O Wayfarer, now is the time for the Exalted One☸ to set.”
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Among the Provinces of India which came Under Muslim domination,
Sind was the first.
It was ruled by a Shudra king.
But the throne was usurped by a Brahmin who established his own dynasty which naturally supported the Brahmnic religion at the time of the invasion of Sind by Ibne Kassim in 712 A.D.
The ruler of Sind was Dahir.
This Dahir belonged to the dynasty of Brahmin rulers.
Heuen Tsang had noticed that the Punjab was in his time ruled by a
Kshatriya Buddhist dynasty.
This dynasty ruled Punjab till about 880 A.D.
In that year the throne was usurped by a Brahmin army commander by name Lalliya who founded the Brahmin Shahi dynasty.
As to the conversion to the faith of Islam by the Buddhist population as a cause of the fall of Buddhism☸, there can hardly be much doubt.
In his Presidential address to the early Medieval and Rajput section of the Indian History Congress held at Allahabad in 1938,
Prof. Surendra Nath Sen very rightly observed that there were two problems relating to the Medieval History of India for which no satisfactory answers were forthcoming as yet.
He mentiond two:
1️⃣one connected with the origin of the Rajputs and the
2️⃣ other to the distribution of the Muslim population in India.
The Muslim invasions of India commenced in the year 1001 A.D.
The last wave of these invasions reached Southern India in 1296
A.D. when Allauddin Khilji subjugated the Kingdom of Devagiri.
The Muslim conquest of India was really not completed by 1296.
The wars of subjugation went on between the Muslim conquerors and the local rulers who though defeated were not reduced.
But the point which requires to bear in mind is that during this period of 300 years of Muslim Wars of conquests, India was governed all over by princes
who professed the orthodox faith of Bramhanism.
Bramhanism beaten and battered by the Muslim Invaders could look to the rulers for support and sustenance and did get it.
Buddhism beaten and battered by the Muslim invaders had no such hope.
POLITICAL REFORM MUST PRECEDE SOCIAL REFORM: Bodhisattva Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar (1932)☸💙🧘♀️📿
By establishing Bahujan Samaj Party i.e. BSP🐘🇮🇳 as the third front in Indian Politics, Manywar and Behenji have very well brought Babasaheb's dream mission forward.
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It was well advised by Babasaheb (1948) that, “Political power is the key to all social progress...", so BSP is not just a political movement but it is actually a Mission to transform the society at every levels.