Let's talk about the Ben Franklin effect:
A person who does a favor for someone else is more likely to do another favor than if they had received a favor in the initial exchange.
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It's named for a line in Ben Franklin's autobiography:
"He that has once done you a kindness will be more ready to do you another, than he whom you yourself have obliged."
There's a story about Ben Franklin and a rival legislator, where Ben won him over by requesting to borrow a rare book, returning it promptly with an effusive thank you note. Afterwards, they developed a deep friendship, and the rival became indebted to support Franklin.
The early research on this, in the 60's, involved research subjects who won money in staged competition w the researcher, followed by being approached by someone to ask, humbly, if they would return the money, which'd been donated by the researcher because of low research funds.
They were then asked how they felt about the researcher. When the request came directly from the researcher, scores were more positive than not being asked at all. When asked by a dept. admin on behalf of the researcher, the effect was negated.
The best model of this behavior involves cognitive dissonance & scopes into a larger conversation about how we perceive people based on how we treat them. We tend to like people to whom we are nice. We tend to dislike people to whom we are mean.
The most extreme example: dehumanization as practiced in warfare. The enemy become faceless, evil. We find ways to rationalize our hatred, ascribing characterstics that justify our actions.
Jailers come to hate inmates, soldiers the enemy, concentration camp guards dehumanize their captors.
The contrary is how we transfer the gratitude of those indebted to us to the rationalization that they are deserving, worthy, allied.
It's possible to utilize an understanding of this phenomenon in sales, marketing, journalism, mentorship, clinical practice. Asking for the help of someone (and expressing gratitude) is a better way to build trust than offering to do a favor or give knowledge.
Our stupid, faulty brains give us unreliable data or make irrational associations. The best thing we can do is to be aware of that & try to live our lives in a way that is authentic.
Understanding this phenomenon can make us recognize how we're wired & try to be better.
End.
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Famed population geneticist RA Fisher published this paper in 1936 taking Mendel to task for either concealing, cherry-picking, or omitting parts of his study of pea genetics.
1. The segregation ratios (as in 'Mendelian ratios') are too perfect. Actual observations are modified by noise and distortion, only land on the 3:1, 1:2:1 ratios in extremely large samples sizes of ideal, perfect genetic models.
I want to talk about the Map-Territory Relation in #science & why it matters to many topics in public perception of science.
It's what I think of when people insist that 'science says there are only two genders'.
Maybe you've seen this work by René Magritte, called "The Treachery of Images". The text translates: "this is not a pipe".
It's not. It's an IMAGE of a pipe. It only resembles an actual pipe in one very specific way, from a particular angle, in 2-D.
Like this PICTURE of a pipe, a scientific model or system of classification is by nature a SIMPLIFICATION.
British statistician George Box: "Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful. However, the approximate nature of the model must always be borne in mind."
But the most interesting story about Benjamin Franklin I've run across is the giant pit filled with human bones that was recently (1997) found in his basement.
Really.
A giant pit of human bones. The remains of at least 28 bodies. In his basement. Cut up with a saw.
Ben Franklin lived at 36 Craven Street in London (now the 'Benjamin Franklin House & Museum').
Workers doing renovations found the bones in a buried pit in the basement, remains including those of infants.
He had a special arrangement with a friend of a friend, William Hewson, now called the "Father of Hematology" for his discovery of blood composition and fibrin.
Hewson operated an "anatomy school" in Ben Franklin's garden (back yard) where students dissected cadavers.
He had an acknowledged illegitimate son, William, who was the last British governor of New Jersey & chief Loyalist, running pro-British military operations from his base in New York.
He died in exile. But HE had an illegitimate son...
William Temple Franklin was William's illegitimate son, born while William was in law school, London.
"Temple" accompanied his GRANDFATHER Benjamin & acted as his secretary, worked on Treaty of Paris where France recognized USA.
Brief return to US, then rest of life in France.
Temple had an illegitimate son, Théodore, but he died before the age of 5, and an illegitimate daughter, Ellen Franklin Hanbury, who was raised by HER grandfather William.
Ellen married but had no children, so this particular chain of Franklin Bastards reaches its end.
My hypothesis:
Humans invented hats because we were envious of the marvelous headgear in the animal world.
Let's talk about antlers, horns, ossicones & pronghorns.
#Antlers are shed & regrown every year, composed of bone that begins at a pedicle, base structure that remains after shedding. Antlers are extensions of the the skull.
Mechanism of growth similar to bone HEALING: cartilaginous tissue gives rise to bone coated in skin "velvet".
Antlers usually only form on males, with one exception: female reindeer grow shortened antlers, which may be functional for snow clearing, or challenge between females over scarce food resources.