every now and then working at a museum like the @Pitt_Rivers means that you experience a moment of sheer terror and shock
I had one of those moments, a truly M.R. James winter night kind of moment of revelation, while working yesterday evening
(THREAD)
I was working through some historic photographs of museum curators to send to a colleague as part of a current artist collaboration
Most of the photographs were from the first decade of the 20th century, shared with a designer we're working with for details of dress
for example I sent her this photo taken “on the occasion of the first practical examination in anthropology in 1908″, showing Beatrice Blackwood, Sir Francis Knowles, 5th Baronet, James Harley, and their tutor the curator Henry Balfour
and I sent this group portrait of the Diploma in Anthropology Class of 1910
and I also sent her this classic 1895 image of Balfour on the Upper Gallery
and then I remembered we had an earlier photograph, a posed graduation group taken in the Natural History Museum in 1884. A bit too early for the date-range the designer is interested in, but I thought I might dig it out
"Members of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Class, Oxford University Department of Morphology, Oxford University Museum of Natural History"
taken just before the students in it took their final "examinations. People included: Henry Nottidge Moseley, Henry Balfour, Walter Baldwin Spencer, Walter Edmund Roth, Henry Wentworth Dyke Acland, William Hine, Gilbert Bourne, J.G. Ogle. Rev D. Johnston", etc
"Henry Moseley is standing in the centre of the group, holding his mortarboard; Henry Acland is seated to the right of him. Henry Balfour, then one of Moseley's students, is standing at the back holding a rabbit; Walter Baldwin Spencer seated second from the left"
and then I looked back at the photograph
it's a well known image around the museum, and has often been reproduced in books as a quirky bit of Oxford's history.
not at the men posing with the specimens this time
but at what's behind them
shelf upon shelf of skulls staring out
displayed at the height of anthropology's fake "race science"—behind the living bodies of the students and dons
[ENDS]
a little more context, threads we have failed to untangle, ongoing violences, all the horror of human remains on display for the purposes of supremacist ideology at the heart of the academy, here >> web.prm.ox.ac.uk/sma/index.php/…
terror and shock as I said, but yes let’s be clear also very definitely profound shame for our museums today
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My new interim report on what we currently know about the Benin collections of the University of Oxford has just been published online - read it here >> prm.ox.ac.uk/benin-bronzes
the 229-page report summarises
- 145 objects which provenance research suggests were looted in the Benin 1897 attack
- 15 further objects possibly from that attack
- more items taken in other expeditions in what's today Nigeria
- further Benin objects exported in the 20th century
here are some of those @Pitt_Rivers objects in a thread
1/ Carved ivory tusk burnt in the fires during the desecration of Benin city
it's been a very busy week for the return of looted objects from France to Bénin 🇧🇯 and from the UK to Benin City, Nigeria🇳🇬
here's a summary of what's been going on (THREAD) 👇
1/ a "farewell exhibition" is being held at the @quaibranly
displaying the 26 items of the Trésor de Béhanzin, looted from the Abomey Palace in the Kingdom of Dahomey in 1892—which will be returned to Cotonou next month
The exhibit is open till Sunday quaibranly.fr/fr/expositions…
2/ a major conference was held to mark this landmark return, with speeches from many of the key players including Prof @FelwineSarr and Prof Bénédicte Savoy @KuK_TUBerlin — who compared this watershed moment to the fall of the Berlin Wall: "there was before, and there was after"
the Trésor de Béhanzin—looted by General Alfred Dodds in November 1892 from the Palace of Abomey, and donated by him to the French state—is being returned from Paris to Bénin
here’s a shortlist thread of some of the 26 items involved:
just catching up with the Policy Exchange “History Matters Principles for Change” culture war manifesto, and 60 seconds in my first observation is that “the UK’s leading think tank” appears not to understand the difference between English Heritage and Historic England
also direct contravention of @MuseumsAssoc ethical guidelines on donors and curatorial integrity here
it will also surprise Oxbridge Governing Bodies that Policy Exchange think that the university’s Vice Chancellor might be a “stakeholder” in their decision-making — while evidently elected student bodies, alumni, unions, the wider public, etc may not be
✨ the paperback edition of #BrutishMuseums is officially published today, with a new preface and an updated list of museums holding Benin Bronzes! ✨
there are quite a few made-up words and concepts in the book, so to mark the day here are seven of them in a thread 👇
1/ Chronopolitics
the use of time as a mode of colonial domination, including the weaponisation of the discipline of Archaeology #BrutishMuseums
2/ Necrography
An account of death and loss. A death-history. An anti-biography. When applied to material culture, an alternative to the tired idiom 'the social life of things' or 'the cultural biography of objects' #BrutishMuseums
here is the submission my colleague @nickmirzoeff and I have written in support of Tamara’s case against Harvard—to see these images of her ancestors returned to her