A nation in turmoil loses an importance province.

A Queen seeking to reclaim her nation's authority.

A Governor looking to reverse the course and regain his nation's past glory.

Story in the evening ...
Salvador Correia de Sá e Benevides was born in 1594 to Martim de Sá and Marie de Mendoza Benevides. His maternal family were prominent nobles of Cadiz in Spain, while his paternal ancestors played a significant role in Portuguese Brazil. 1/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_de_S%C3%A1#/media/Fil
In 1565, Estácio de Sá had founded Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Both Salvador's father and grandfather, Salvador de Sá, had been Governors of Rio de Janeiro on different occasions and the younger Salvador followed them becoming Governor of the southern captaincies of Brazil. 2/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1cio_de_S%C3%A1#/media
In 1624, the Dutch captured the Brazilian capital, Salvador. Salvador de Sá took part in the Spanish - Portuguese effort to retake the city in 1625. The Dutch had been at war with the Spanish and with Spain and Portugal under single rule, Dutch went after the Portuguese. 3/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recapture_of_Bahia#/media/File
In 1637, de Sá was put in charge of Rio de Janeiro. The same year, Johann Moritz von Nassau took charge of the Dutch colony in Brazil, which had grown after the failure of 1625. But before they could go head to head, events elsewhere overtook them. 4/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Brazil#/media/File:Neder
In 1641, the Dutch captured the Portuguese town of Luanda in West Africa. It was a crucial loss for the Portuguese in Africa. The Dutch received support from Kongo and Ndongo (Angola) against the Portuguese, especially from Queen Njinga Mbandi of Ndongo. 5/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_of_Ndongo_and_Matamba#/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelis_Jol#/media/Ficheiro:R
The Portuguese had earlier reached an alliance with Ndongo. But after Queen Njinga came to power in 1624, and they intervened in the Kingdom's affairs against her, she found better allies. Meanwhile, change was also afoot in Portugal where Iberian Union had gotten broken up. 6/10 https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola#/media/Ficheiro:Kingdom
Portugal broke away from the union with their own King. The new King initially gave de Sá a larger role in Brazil, but then rolled it back. But after the loss of Luanda, de Sá was brought in to advise the Portuguese War Council and was later made General of Brazilian fleet. 7/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_IV_of_Portugal#/media/Fil
In 1648, Salvador de Sá led the Brazilian forces to victory against the Dutch at Luanda. Queen Njinga's forces were also defeated and she took refuge in the Kingdom of Matamba, which she had conquered earlier. From there she led the resistance of Portuguese in the region. 8/10 https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_da_Matamba#/media/Fichei
While de Sá took over Luanda and the nearby São Tomé and Príncipe archipelago for Portugal, the Dutch Brazil suffered a major defeat against the Portuguese. By 1954, the Dutch had lost its colony to Portugal. 9/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Guararapes#/m
Salvador de Sá returned later to Brazil, but fell out of favour after his rule was seen to be too harsh. Luanda remained a Portuguese colony for centuries, eventually conquering its neighbouring Kingdoms, and became independent as Angola in 1975. 10/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa#/media/Fil

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More from @Arby_K

21 Dec
From a city below the sea level to building a city that is now sinking.

Story in the evening ...
Jan Pieterszoon Coen was born in the city of Hoorn, Holland in 1587. Raised as a Calvinist, he grew up in a time when the Dutch were fighting for their independence from the Spanish King, who was also the Count of Holland and ruled over most parts of the Low Countries. 1/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Pieterszoon_Coen#/media/Fi
The Spanish King ruled over a vast realm across continents and had a strong say in global trade. In 1602, the Dutch started Vereenigde Oost Indische Compagnie (Dutch East India Company) partly to counter the Spanish might. 2/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Union#/media/File:Phil
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17 Dec
It is kinda odd to listen to the @TheRestHistory presenter (Not sure if it was Holland or Sandbrook) talk of reading about the Burgundians when they were 17 or Bart van Loo talk of not studying about them in school earlier.

Since I had read about them when I was 12. 1/5
Of course, it was only a couple of pages and I didn't even even know they were related to the French Kings at the time. 2/5

And this deep dive / pet project cleared up many of the nuances of European history for me.

The obvious question then is why is someone who has never travelled outside Asia tweeting on European history (and not on Indian history).



3/5
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17 Dec
In Asimov's Foundation trilogy, there is an Empire in its last days, and as it crumbled many succeeded it, forging their own path.

One state gained by adopting the legacy of a crumbling Empire, though it took a thousand years for the gain to materialize.

Story in the evening ..
Recaredo was born around 560 to Leovigildo. They lived in the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian peninsula. The Visigoths held rule over a large part of the peninsula after the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West in 476. 1/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reccared_I#/media/File:Recared
The 550s saw the Visigoths in a state of civil war, with the King Agila struggling against Atanagildo. With help from Constantinople, Atanagildo deposed Agila and became King. But this also led to Constantinople acquiring area in the peninsula. 2/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom#/media/File
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There was once a great Kingdom stretching across continents.

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Until it rose up and got back its bragging rights, though as a spent force, like its former masters.

Story in the evening ...
João de Bragança was born to Teodosio de Bragança, Duke of Bragança and Ana de Velasco y Girón in 1604. The Duchy of Bragança was created in 1442 for Afonso, Count of Barcelos and an illegitimate son of Portuguese King João, by his nephew, Afonso, the then King of Portugal. 1/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_IV_of_Portugal#/media/Fil
The House of Bragança retained their influence in Portugal, even after the Portuguese Royal family died out. João's grandmother, Catarina, was among the contenders, but was overtaken by the Spanish King, Felipe, who also defeated his illegitimate cousin, António, in battle. 2/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_succession_crisis_ohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Portuguese_Successi
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13 Dec
.@bartvanloo talks of the Burgundians who almost carved out a nation in between France and Germany.

(The first of those nations came a century after they were gone)

It is interesting to note that the history of the Burgundians are not commonly taught in the Low Countries. 1/5
The Burgundy "project" as it ended up took a century in making when four successive Dukes of Burgundy acquired a large part of what we call the Low Countries. 2/5

Burgundy, like Lorraine, and to an extent, Switzerland, were the successors of a failed partition of the Carolingian Empire - Middle Francia. While France and Germany fought over it, it got divided into many parts which showed independent character. 3/5

Read 5 tweets
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An enterprising King, but born illegitimate.

A Pope felt threatened, calls for mercenaries.

An unlikely King emerges, from a city that has spawned many Kings and many royal dynasties.

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Story in the evening ...
Charles was born in 1227 to King Louis VIII of France & Blanca de Castilla. Born posthumously, Charles had a long list of elder brothers including the eldest, the new King of France, Louis IX. It is likely a career with the Church awaited Prince Charles, but it wasn't to be. 1/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou#/media/File
In 1246, he married Countess Beatrice of Provence and Forcalquier. The same year, his brother installed him as the Count of Anjou and Maine in France. Anjou and Maine had been seized by their grandfather in 1203 from the Angevin Kings of England. 2/10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Provence#/me
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