a 🧵 for folks who want to learn more about nutrition & metabolism in 2022 /1
there will be lots of ppl telling you what you can & what you cannot eat. none of the extreme diets (eg all meat or all-cleanse) make sense. intermittent fasting doesn’t agree with most ppl & has not been shown to promote wt loss in ppl /2
we eat to live & we live to eat. less processed food is generally better. matching food intake to energy expenditure is really important. becoming ocd about food does not help you live & enjoy your life /3
you don’t need equipment to exercise but if you enjoy equipment, use it! weight-bearing exercise is very important but of course moving your bodyweight up stairs counts. getting sweaty is great. we almost never regret cleaning house or working out /4
aging is neither a disease nor a solved problem. you can age better, largely by staying physically & mentally active, eating well, having access to healthcare including vaccines, staying away from guns, sleeping well & avoiding drugs & alcohol /5
ppl saying that you don’t have to age are not telling the truth. they have not discovered longevity genes, nor activators of those genes, nor ways to reset your genes. they are selling books & subscriptions to kits that are not evidence-based & have no value /6
plants that were stressed don’t make molecules that make you live longer. it’s total bs. if you were made to believe this, you’ve been made a mark /7
will i release some content in 2022 that explains metabolism & aging in greater depth? yes. will i start my own podcast? no such plan. will i continue being on other folks pods? mos def.

stay safe & don’t be a mark! /end

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More from @CharlesMBrenner

15 Dec 21
lots of ppl have requested a summary of the 1st hr of nia.nih.gov/news/virtual-w… in which @davidasinclair & I spoke back to back. ~200 ppl attended. it was recorded by @nih for their benefit & many of us took notes /1
David began by claiming that he & others have discovered 7 genes called sirtuins that are longevity genes & that are primary mediators of the effects of boosting NAD. He showed a diagram of a man's body in which SIRTs were shown in essentially every tissue as key NAD mediators /2
He showed work from Shin Imai that got him interested in NMN. Said that while others use NR to boost NAD, he uses NMN & that it rejuvenates mice by activating SIRT1. He also referred to lab member(s) working on resveratrol, which he claimed is a SIRT1 activator /3
Read 38 tweets
11 Oct 21
organisms’ lifespans are determined by their genes & environment. we can modify our environment (diet, exercise, sleep, etc). we can modify gene activities w drugs/vitamins or possibly w CRISPR but we 1st have to understand the process of aging itself to know what to target. /1
the gene set any organism has was selected for in evolution. parents who produce lots of reproductively successful offspring pass on their genes. the selections for these genes took place over evolutionary time in conditions that were different from current conditions. /2
most animals achieve reproductive capability early & don’t live much longer than they can reproduce. why? bc the brain, liver, musculature, etc are there to present males to females & help us care for young til they are reproductively capable.

this is the way biology works. /3
Read 13 tweets
4 Oct 21
Living things maintain their order by taking in fuel to run chemical reactions. the fuels are protein, fat & carbohydrate. in common parlance, we burn these fuels to generate ATP that runs chemical reactions, to make everything in our bodies, repair everything, move & think. /1
Fully oxidized, the carbon in the fuels is exhaled as CO2. /2

The energy in the fuels consists of high energy electrons, whose energy is derived from the sun (that lesson for another day). /3
The difference between living things & locomotive machines that imparts the ability to build ourselves is that we have NAD coenzymes that capture the energy associated with fuel oxidation in a nearly lossless manner. /4
Read 8 tweets
29 Aug 21
Defining age reversal via a score on an aging clock rather than a functional measurement would constitute the single biggest scam in the entire tawdry history of anti-aging scams. let me explain /1
There's a buyer for the promise of anti-aging of course. this person wants to maintain functions for a longer period of time. maybe they run 7 min miles with their grandson, maybe they play competitive chess, maybe they skateboard and need to be able to recover from scrapes /2
Those are functional metrics: running, playing chess, wound repair. in all of animal history, every animal has declined in its motility, mental ability and repair capacity after it reaches some level of maturity. people want to prolong their mastery or better: reverse aging /3
Read 12 tweets
22 Aug 21
Valproate is a potentially dangerous drug used for ppl with seizures. Abbott was penalized $1.6 billion for off-label marketing this drug in nursing homes as a sedative /1 nytimes.com/2012/05/08/bus…
The data in the paper David cites do not show that valproate restores swimming ability of fish--fig. 1D shows that most low dose valproate-treated fish swim WORSE than control. High dose was clearly much worse /2 molecularbrain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
The SIRT1 western blots in Fig. 4 are some of the worst I've ever seen published. With respect to swimming, rather than look at dozens of fish as they did in Fig. 1 (already a fishy result), they decided to look at only 3 fish with valproate + EX527 /3 molecularbrain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
Read 5 tweets
19 Aug 21
I'll defend model organisms. However, the proposal that something is conserved for longevity needs to be specifically examined. It's time to explain something about yeast that ppl haven't thought about enough and yes, this concerns SIR2 /1
there are two assays one can use to analyze lifespan in yeast. The 1st one is called chronological lifespan. It's simple. Grow a culture of yeast and see how long the cells are viable to form a colony. Chronological lifespan is measured in days or weeks /2
it might surprise you that sir2 DELETION lives longer in this assay. the work was done by Valter Longo and was published in Cell cell.com/fulltext/S0092… ... let that result sink in a minute /3
Read 20 tweets

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