50 years ago this month, Columbia Law School hired its 1st woman tenured law professor in its history.
The professor?
Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
The news was so big that the @nytimes even covered it a few days later, under the headline: "Columbia Law Snares a Prize in the Quest for Women Professors."
The article went on to call Ruth's hire a "major coup."
As a new semester nears, I am reminded of Ruth’s description of law school, told as she left Columbia in 1980 to become a Judge of the D.C. Circuit . . .
"The mission of a university law school as Justice Harlan Stone described it during his tenure as Dean is not to drill students in mechanical rules; rather the aim is to develop with students an understanding and appreciation of legal principles . . .
That means drawing on disciplines other than the law for support & it also means placing law in context & presenting the . . . societal conditions to which the law responds.
The Law School today is different in large & small respects from the one over which Dean Stone presided.
Admission in highly selective . . . [t]he Socratic method has been tempered, clinics & seminars afford students a rich & varied diet, a number of journals & enterprises offer in-depth research & writing opportunities.
But the idea of a University Law School remains the beacon."
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Did you know that law schools didn't used to award the J.D. (Juris Doctor) but instead a degree called the LL.B.?
That's short for "Legum Baccalaureus," which is the fancy Latin designation for Bachelor of Laws.
And I promise, its history is delightful . . .
(⚖️🎓🧵)
But first, you may be wondering – why would "Legum Baccalaureus" be shortened to LL.B. and not L.B.?
– I love this –
This is the reduplicative form of the plural at work, where we form the plural by doubling the initial letter – it's why the abbreviation for Justices is "JJ."
Now, the LL.B. was the standard degree from American law schools because most required only that their students be high school graduates.
Things began to change in the early part of the 20th Century.
In 1903, @UChicago offered the J.D. to law students who had undergrad degrees.
Here stands Ivy Williams – the very first woman to be called to the Bar of England and Wales (a feat that occurred 100 years ago).
And here's how it happened and what she did next in law . . .
(a petite ⚖️🧵)
The daughter of a solicitor, Ivy studied jurisprudence at Oxford, completing her exams for a BA in 1900 and a BCL in 1902. 🎓
But because she was a woman, she could not practice law.
Thankfully that changed with the passage of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 . . .
In 1922, Ivy was called to the Bar.
According to the @nytimes, "The jollities" – jollities! – "which mark 'call' night ... were touched with historical significance tonight when a woman ... was for the first time called to the English bar."
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. has just visited the estate of Doneraile Court in Ireland.
There he encountered Emily Ursula Clare Saint Leger – also known as Lady Castletown.
He is completely besotted.
Holmes takes pen to paper – "My dear lady . . ."
(❤️🔥⚖️🧵)
But wait – we are getting ahead of ourselves. First, we must set the scene . . .
This country pile is Doneraile Court – the home of Baron Castletown & his wife, Lady Castletown. 🏰
Theirs was not exactly a love match. (They each had their own paramours, if you must know.)
How does Oliver configure in all of this?
Then a Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court 🏛️, he spent part of the summer visiting the British Isles. (His wife, Fanny, who has been described as a "recluse," decided against the journey.)
50 years ago, the Supreme Court recognized the right of all people – married and single alike – to purchase and use contraception.
The case in which they did so? Eisenstadt v. Baird.
And how did that case come about? It began with this electric moment right here . . .
(⚖️🧵)
But before we get there, we're going to need a little history . . .
So back in the day (in 1873 to be precise), Congress passed the Comstock Act (known for its champion, Anthony Comstock ⬇️) outlawing the distribution of “obscene” materials, including contraception . . . yeah.
Soon after, many states enacted their own anti-contraceptive laws.
Among them was Massachusetts. In 1879 the state passed "An Act Concerning Offenses against Chastity, Morality, and Decency" which made it a crime to give away items "for the prevention of conception" . . . yeah.