1/6 A young man is admitted to the hospital with malaise and fever. You examine his hands and find these tender nodules.
This should generate a hypothesis.
(Heart sounds in this thread best heard with headphones or a decent computer speaker)
2/6 With your hypothesis in mind, you listen to the patient's heart. You anticipate what you might hear.
"The ears can't hear what the mind doesn't know."
3/6 Based on the holosystolic murmur at the apex that you anticipated you would hear, you diagnose the patient with mitral valve endocarditis. Two days later, his heart sounds change. Take a listen.
An additional diagnosis has now been made.
4/6 Two days later, you know longer hear the pericardial friction rub. In fact, his heart sounds are difficult to hear at all. He develops hypotension and pre-syncope and his neck looks like this:
This should generate a hypothesis.
5/6 You confirm your hypothesis with a bedside maneuver (video features a different patient with the same diagnosis):
6/6 You have diagnosed infective endocarditis of the mitral valve with pericardial involvement, evolving to pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade. All with your eyes and ears.
1/11
Una joven ingresa con epiglotitis aguda (bacteriemia por H. influenzae). Durante su hospitalización, la paciente desarrolla pancreatitis aguda y hematuria con IRA.
Un conjunto de problemas bastante confuso ¿Cómo podemos encajar todas las piezas de este rompecabezas?
2/11
En un paciente con hematuria, la primera pregunta que siempre hago es: ¿cuál es el origen de la sangre? ¿glomerular o no glomerular?
3/11
¿Cómo saber si la hemorragia es de origen glomerular o no?
Tenemos que evaluar el sedimento urinario, pero los ojos no pueden ver lo que la mente no sabe. Entonces, ¿qué estamos buscando?
1/11
A young woman is admitted with acute epiglottitis (w H flu bacteremia). While hospitalized she develops acute pancreatitis and hematuria with AKI.
A confusing constellation of problems. How can we glue this story together?
2/11
In a patient with hematuria, the first question I always ask is as follows: what is the source of that blood? Is it glomerular or non-glomerular?
3/11
How can we tell if the bleeding is glomerular or not? We have to evaluate the urine sediment. But the eyes can't see what the mind doesn't know. So what are we looking for?
1/10
A 70-year-old man presents with dyspnea. What do you notice when you first meet him?
This finding should generate a hypothesis, which we will circle back to eventually.
2/10
Before we do, let’s talk about dyspnea. The two main systems responsible for dyspnea are the heart and lungs.
3/10
The jugular venous pulse can serve as a pivot point. It can take you toward or away from the heart. With this in mind, let’s evaluate the patient’s neck. Here, he is in the upright position. (Sometimes the jugular venous pulse is better seen on the left.)
1/16
A 30 year old man presents with tea-colored urine.
2/16
Our instinct is to consult the framework for hematuria:
3/16
Then we realize that while the color of the urine could absolutely be consistent with hematuria, there are mimics of hematuria that should be considered as well.
1/ A middle-aged man presents with acute sudden-onset dyspnea and hypotension. He is sitting upright.
What do you notice? Let’s see if we can figure out the cause of hypotension.
2/ First.
What are the 4 basic mechanisms of hypotension?
Hypotension can be hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, or obstructive.
3/ Hypovolemic hypotension occurs because of a decrease in preload. The pump is ready, the blood vessels are ready, but the "ammunition" is not there. JVP low, extremities cool.
2 arrows down for CVP/JVP since that is the primary issue.