The situation in Kazakhstan is a much bigger deal than Western media is letting on.

I believe it significantly increases the risk of NATO-Russia conflict.

Here is my report from Moscow. A MEGA-thread... 🧵
First, what is happening in Kazakhstan?

Mass protests and anti-government violence have left dozens dead.

Russia is deploying 3,000 paratroopers after Kazakh security forces were overrun.

The largest city, Almaty, looks like a warzone.
To appreciate why Russia is willing to deploy troops to Kazakhstan, it's critical to understand the depth of Russia's vital national interests inside the country.

This isn't just any former Soviet republic.

It's almost as important to Russia as Belarus or Ukraine.
First, Russia and Kazakhstan have the largest continuous land border on planet earth.

If Kazakhstan destabilizes, a significant fraction of the country's 19 million residents could become refugees streaming across the border.

Russia is not willing to let that happen. Image
Second, roughly one-quarter of the population of Kazakhstan is ethnic Russians.

Kazakh nationalists are overwhelmingly Muslims, who resent the Orthodox-Christian Russian minority.

Russia believes that civil war would entail a non-trivial risk of anti-Russian ethnic cleansing. Image
Third, the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan was the heart of the Soviet space program.

Russia still uses it as its primary space-launch facility.

The Vostochny Cosmodrome in Russia's Far East will lessen that dependence, but it still isn't complete. Image
Fourth, Russia conducts its Anti-Ballistic Missile testing at the Sary-Shagan test site within Kazakhstan.

This is where ongoing development of the S-550 ABM system is occurring, one of the foundations of Russia's national security. Image
Fifth, Russia's nuclear fuel cycle is intimately linked to Kazakhstan.

Russian-backed Uranium mining operations are active in the country.

Uranium from Kazakhstan is enriched in Novouralsk, Russia and then returned to Kazakhstan for use in Chinese nuclear-fuel assemblies.
Collectively, these security interests make Kazakhstan a region that Russia is willing to stabilize with force.

The 3,000 troops it has already committed are not the maximum it is willing to deploy.

If necessary, these will only be the first wave of RU forces in the country.
The biggest question is how the situation in Kazakhstan will affect the existing standoff between Russia and NATO over Ukraine.

Will Russia be deterred from intervention in Ukraine by the need to maintain reserves to deploy to Kazakhstan?

Or will it simply be provoked?
Recall that, before things escalated in Kazakhstan, Russia had massed troops along its border with Ukraine.

Moscow issued an ultimatum: Provide security guarantees that Ukraine would not join NATO "or else."

This was already a very dangerous situation. Image
NATO-Russia talks to resolve the crisis in Ukraine were set to begin next week.

Yet, on their eve, the revolution against the government of Kazakhstan began.

Russia perceives this to be an act of "hybrid war." Right or wrong, that perception is fueling a desire for revenge.
What is "hybrid war"?

From the Russian perspective, it is a two-pronged approach to regime change.

First, Western-backed NGOs encourage large protests against an incumbent government.

Second, armed provocateurs use the protests as cover to stage kinetic attacks. Image
Moscow believes that this playbook was employed successfully in Ukraine to oust the Russian-aligned government in 2014.

And it believes that the West unsuccessfully attempted to employ the same strategy to topple Russia's allies in Syria and Belarus.
It's debatable whether the West has anywhere near the power to spark revolutions that Russia contends.

Yet America plays into Russian paranoia by funding "civil society" NGOs overseas.

When revolutions occur in countries where they're active, Russia connects the dots.
Kazakhstan is the latest example.

In the year before the attempted revolution, the U.S. National Endowment for democracy spent more than $1M in the country.

The money went to PR campaigns against the government and training anti-government protesters.
ned.org/region/eurasia…
The Russians are convinced that NED is a front for the CIA.

I don't think that's true.

But it's a distinction without a difference, since NED has taken over part of the CIA's mission.
In 1986, the founder of NED, Carl Gershman, said the group was created because "[i]t would be terrible for democratic groups around the world to be seen as subsidized by the CIA."

Today, instead of receiving CIA money, they receive NED money.
In 1991, NED President Allen Weinstein said, "A lot of what we do today was done covertly 25 years ago by the CIA."

He claimed that operating overtly via NED, rather than covertly through the CIA, made the risk of blowback "close to zero."
The Russians do not see things that way.

When they witness overt U.S. support for ousting pro-Russian governments, they assume there is also covert support being provided.

To them, NED is only 1/2 of a "hybrid war" strategy in Kazakhstan that includes kinetic operations.
Russia's Foreign Ministry made that clear yesterday.

It describes the situation in Kazakhstan as "an attempt to undermine the security and integrity of the state by force, using trained and organized armed formations, that is inspired from the outside."
This claim forms the predicate for intervention by the "Collective Security Treaty Organization," the Russian-led equivalent of NATO.

It's the first ever CSTO intervention, and it's based on the accusation of a foreign attack on the sovereignty of Kazakhstan.
White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki has questioned the legal legitimacy of the CSTO operation, but there's not much to complain about.

The undisputed President of Kazakhstan, Tokayev, requested CSTO support, claiming his nation was under attack. ImageImage
To bolster the appearance of multilateralism, RU forces are deploying alongside smaller number of troops from two other CSTO states, Belarus and Armenia.

These CSTO forces will secure critical government installations, freeing up the Kazakh military to perform "anti-terrorism."
The most critical function of the CSTO deployment is internal signaling within Kazakhstan.

Now that Kazakh forces know Russia is backing their government, fewer of them will be willing to join the side of the opposition.

We saw that happen before. I doubt we'll see it again.
In the short term, while Kazakhstan remains volatile, Russia's freedom to maneuver in Ukraine may be constrained.

But this will not motivate Moscow to deescalate the crisis in the long term.

Instead, it will only strengthen perceptions of the West as an existential threat.
Activists from prior color revolutions are already publicly taking credit for what is happening in Kazakhstan.

Here is a post from Belorussian activist, Dzmitry Halko, who says that he helped organize the uprising in Kazakhstan along with veterans of the Ukraine revolution. Image
The Kremlin's biggest fear is a "Maidan on Red Square" – i.e., a repeat of the Ukrainian revolution inside Moscow.

The more that it appears the West is pursuing similar revolutions in former Soviet republics, the more aggressively Russia will push back.
In America, the situation in Kazakhstan is a small news item.

In Moscow, it is currently receiving 24/7 news coverage, like it's an apocalyptic threat to Russia's security.

I've had the TV on here while writing this thread, and Kazakhstan has been on the entire time.
It's important to note that today is Christmas in Russia.

(They celebrate it on January 7th rather than December 25th, due to the Russian Orthodox church still adhering to the Julian Calendar.)

When Christmas is overshadowed by a security crisis, it's a big deal.
Friends, if you've enjoyed this thread, check out my previous viral Twitter story.

It's about how I solved a famous murder in America and freed an innocent man spending life in prison.🙏

There are now BREAKING developments in the crisis in Kazakhstan.

I've created a new thread, which covers the arrest of a Kazakh official linked to President Biden:

Just posted answers to my critics' biggest arguments.

Time to set the record straight!

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More from @ClintEhrlich

Mar 2
🚨BREAKING: A Ukrainian terrorist attack is underway in Bryansk, Russia.

The attackers said on video they wouldn't kill civilians, but there are reports of hostages and mass casualties.

President Putin has convened an emergency meeting of the Security Council. 🚨
Another manifesto video posted by the attackers after crossing the border.

They call themselves the "Russian Volunteer Corps."

The sound of heavy machine-gun fire from Russian security forces interrupts them mid-sentence.

They obviously know they're on a suicide mission.
The attackers claim that they are Russian, but eyewitness accounts from civilians in local media say they spoke Ukrainian.

It is alleged that this is a complex attack with 40-50 attackers.

Huge numbers of Russian security forces with heavy weapons are being deployed.
Read 9 tweets
Jan 25
America is sending 30 M-1 Abrams tanks to Ukraine.

It will have an effect on the ground, and it represents a major escalation of U.S. involvement in the war.

A quick thread... 🧵
The major argument *against* the Abrams tanks having an effect on the ground is the logistical burden for Ukraine to field them.

The distinctive feature of the Abrams is its Honeywell AGT 1500 gas-turbine engine.

It's a different animal from Ukraine's Soviet diesel tanks.
Many commentators have claimed that because the Abrams is designed to run on jet fuel, Ukrainian supply lines won't be able to support it.

This is misleading for several reasons.

First, the Abrams' turbine engine is capable of using a variety of fuels, including diesel.
Read 9 tweets
Oct 8, 2022
THREAD: Today, a time for choosing arrived for America.

A truck bomb has been detonated on the bridge that connects Crimea to Russia.

We're running out of time to reconsider our support for Ukraine attempting to retake the peninsula by force.
Disabling the bridge serves dual purposes for Ukraine.

From a kinetic perspective, it reduces Russia's options for supplying its forces in the South of Ukraine.

More importantly, from a symbolic perspective, it embodies Ukraine's ambition to seize Crimea from Russia.
The White House has backed that ambition with slogans like "Crimea is Ukraine."

It has signaled that Ukraine has U.S. approval to use American weapons systems against Crimea.

But cutting off the bridge that connects Crimea to Russia is a massive escalation.
Read 22 tweets
Oct 8, 2022
🚨BREAKING: An explosion has severely damaged the Crimean Bridge that connects the peninsula to the Russian mainland.

Portions of the bridge have collapsed into the water.

This bridge is one of the emblems of Putin's government. These are shocking visuals for Russians.
Update: The road portion of the Crimean Bridge has collapsed into the water.

A massive fire has engulfed a train on the rail portion of the bridge, which is also visibly damaged.
In @ForeignPolicy in 2016, I listed the Crimean Bridge as the #1 symbol that Crimea had become part of Russia.

The Crimean Bridge is now on fire and partially collapsed.

Ukraine could not dream of better optics for its dream of retaking the peninsula from Russia.
Read 5 tweets
Sep 14, 2022
Russia is already answering the Ukrainian offensive with accelerated air strikes on critical infrastructure.

These are targets that could have been destroyed earlier in the war, but which were spared.

Today, the Karachun dam was destroyed by Russian cruise missiles.🧵
Here is the aftermath of these strikes.

Note that the Ingulets river is now flooding around the city of Krivoy Rog.

There is a military rational for this – making crossing the river more difficult – but it's also a hardship for civilians.
A bridge across the Ingulets river failing – washed away by the flooding that followed Russian missile strikes.
Read 6 tweets
Sep 10, 2022
This is a plausible forecast of how the Ukrainian offensive in the Kharkov region could end in strategic disaster.

But a few caveats are in order:

1. The ability of Ukrainian forces to successfully mount an operation of this scale was unexpected, and is itself significant;
2. The apparent defeat of Russian forces, even if of little strategic import, has MASSIVE *propaganda value* for Ukraine.

It both disheartens supporters of the war inside Russia and encourages greater Western support for Ukraine.
3. The loss of towns that are not themselves strategically significant still exposes pro-Russian residents to *retaliation* by Ukrainian forces.

Seeing that Russia can lose territory it previously gained may deter individuals in the Donbas from e.g. acquiring Russian passports.
Read 4 tweets

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