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13 Jan, 4 tweets, 3 min read
Yams were domesticated in forest-savanna border ecology in Niger River Basin in northern Benin. Yam populations started falling 15k yam generations ago (from climate change?). Cultivated yams reached their lowest population size 2.5k generations ago, increasing afterwards.
Paper could be used to argue for yam cultivation as early as 13,000 BC. Would be around time that Late Stone Age cultures spread into west Africa. science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
Linguist Ehret says here that word "yam" can be reconstructed in proto-Niger-Congo, but not for Kordofanian which he thinks split first. …dhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu/2.1/ehret.html
This guy on Quora thinks Niger-Congo split 8,000 BC, give or take a few millennia. Would have been after yam cultivation. quora.com/Are-there-reas…

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More from @Peter_Nimitz

Nemets Profile picture
7 Jan
Volga Bulgaria had its capital about 30 km south of the confluence of the Kama and the Volga, while Kazan (currently capital of Tatarstan) is about 40 km north of the confluence.
Volga Bulgaria was devastated by the Mongols. Modern Volga Tatars do not descend from the Volga Bulgars, but in part from eastern migrants in the 13th and 14th centuries who arrived under the Golden Horde. Chuvash probably have some Bulgar ancestors. journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/a…
Suspect that significant amount of ancestry of modern Volga peoples was there 4000 years ago. R1a-Z92 (sister to famous Indo-Iranian R1a-Z93) still found there, along with a lot of Corded Ware-like ancestry, in spite of Iranian, Finno-Ugrian, Turkic, and Mongol conquests.
Read 4 tweets
Nemets Profile picture
9 Dec 21
Sikhs in the late 17th century eastern Punjab were riven by internal conflicts. The Sikh guru declares himself the last guru, & that Sikhs would be governed by a council after his death. The goal of this was to unite the Sikhs & defend against Rajputs.
Mughals killed two sons of last Sikh guru after promising safe passage in 1704. Aurangzeb agreed to meet the guru, but died before meeting him. Guru met Aurangzeb’s successor, but died himself in 1708, leaving Sikhs to be led by the council, the Khalsa.
Banda Bahadur led the Sikhs in a 6-year long anti-Mughal rebellion during the chaotic years following Aurangzeb’s death. His backing was mostly from Khalsa supporters, lower nobility, & Jats from E Punjab. Khalsa gave all men who joined the prestigious name “Singh”.
Read 4 tweets
Nemets Profile picture
9 Dec 21
It was a cold, overcast, and wintry day. Someone decided to scrawl "Happy Birthday ❤️ Sun" on the sidewalk in front of a bleak apartment complex.
The local mosque
Administration of the Udmurt Republic building - with the Udmurt flag flying at the same height as the Russian flag. The sheen on the ground is ice - you had to walk carefully to avoid falling.
Read 9 tweets
Nemets Profile picture
7 Dec 21
Why has Russia dominated the Caspian for so long? In the Age of Sail, Iran had plenty of wood for shipbuilding on the coast. Is the wood not good enough for shipbuilding?en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_H…
Even in the Viking Age the Rus' raided along the Caspian coast. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_e…
A political issue maybe? States based on the Iranian Plateau didn't support shipbuilding in the cities of the coastal plains of Mazandaran, Gilan, and Golestan?
Read 4 tweets
Nemets Profile picture
5 Dec 21
The Greeks as the Sea People: their prehistory, history, and themes of their existence: nemets.substack.com/p/the-sea-peop…
trying to emulate @razibkhan & @Irkutyanin1 here - both of whom do incredible deep dives into history.
Eric Clines 1177 BC (which has a new updated edition with the Philistine DNA & the climate studies) was main influence on this piece: amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B08KKT…
Read 4 tweets
Nemets Profile picture
23 Nov 21
R1b-V88 has most interesting story of any haplogroup lineage imo.
Green Sahara was wild: nature.com/articles/ejhg2…
Check out this thread for what I dug up in January. Currently think that R1b-V88 WHGs conquered EEFs in Iberia in 4400 BC, invaded North Africa, swept across Green Sahara, & reached Sudan by 3700 BC before migrating west along Yellow Nile to Lake Chad by 1000 BC.
Read 4 tweets

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