Stephen Schwartz Profile picture
Jan 17, 2022 11 tweets 5 min read Read on X
This morning in 1966 over Palomares, Spain, a B-52G bomber on airborne alert collided with a KC-135 tanker during a routine high-altitude refueling operation, killing all 4 tanker crew members and 3 of the B-52’s crew, and causing 4 1.45-Megaton B28 H-bombs to fall to earth.
Conventional high explosives in two of the three bombs that hit land detonated on impact, contaminating local tomato fields with plutonium. US troops dug up 1,400 tons of radioactive soil and vegetation, which was buried in an AEC dump in South Carolina. But we didn't get it all.
Decades later, many USAF veterans involved in that cleanup effort are suffering and dying from a variety of ailments they link to being ordered to clean up the radioactive debris in Palomares without any protection. They seek recognition and medical care. nytimes.com/video/us/10000…
On Dec. 6, 2019, an appeals court granted class action status to some of the USAF veterans suing the Department of Veterans Affairs to demand coverage of their medical care for radiation-induced illnesses. But many of the 1,600 involved had already died. nytimes.com/2020/02/11/us/…
On September 2, 2020, the court accepted new evidence on behalf of the class, including a declaration by a former Strategic Air Command medical officer, Dr. Murray Watnick, that approximately 10 kilograms of plutonium-239 was released at Palomares. counterpunch.org/2020/12/18/air…
The fourth bomb fell into the Mediterranean Sea 12 miles off the coast and sank to a depth of 2,550 feet. It was lost for 80 days, creating a huge public relations problem for the United States and spurring a massive underwater search effort leading to its retrieval on April 7.
To try and allay public fears during the long search, US Ambassador to Spain Angier Biddle Duke (at left in second photo) took a highly-publicized dip in the Mediterranean off Palomares on March 8, 1966. Afterward, he declared to reporters, “If this is radioactivity, I love it!”
Once the missing bomb was recovered from the seafloor (the Navy submersible USS Alvin located it and it was retrieved by the unmanned torpedo recovery vehicle CURV-1), it was shown to the press aboard the USS Petrel, the first time a US hydrogen bomb had been publicly displayed.
Left to right: Sr. Don Antonio Velilla Manteca, chief of Spain's Nuclear Energy Board in Palomares, Brig. Gen. Arturo Montel Touzet, Spain's search & recovery coordinator, Rear Adm. William S. Guest, Cmdr US Navy Task Force 65, and Maj. Gen. Delmar E. Wilson, Cmdr 16th Air Force.
Here’s a color photograph from the opposite angle of the long-submerged B28 thermonuclear bomb aboard the USS Petrel, with the CURV in the background. The bomb’s nose was severely dented and it had two ~40-inch-long gashes in its tail section. Water had infiltrated all sections.
Here is how the New York Times reported the closely-watched recovery of the lost thermonuclear bomb on April 8 and 9, 1966 (erroneously reporting its yield as 20 Megatons):

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More from @AtomicAnalyst

Oct 3, 2023
Today in 1986, 680 miles NE of Bermuda, the Soviet Yankee 1-class ballistic missile submarine K-219 was on patrol when seawater leaked into a missile tube, triggering an explosion of the missile’s volatile liquid fuel that killed three sailors and crippled the submarine.


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Under very dangerous conditions, the crew managed to shut down the submarine’s reactors and stabilize it. Captain Igor Britanov was ordered to have the K-219 towed by freighter 4,300 miles to its homeport of Gadzhiyevo (near Murmansk), but it flooded and sank three days later. Image
The K-219—including its two nuclear reactors, 16 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, and 32-48 thermonuclear warheads—sank in 18,000 feet of water to the bottom of the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. Image
Read 10 tweets
Sep 29, 2023
This afternoon in 1957, in the closed city of Chelyabinsk-65 near Kyshtym in the Southern Urals, a stainless steel tank holding 70-80 tons of highly-radioactive waste left over from processing plutonium for nuclear weapons exploded, releasing 20 million curies of radioactivity. Image
While the explosion was chemical in nature (much of the liquid waste evaporated over time, leaving behind a volatile dry mixture of sodium nitrate and sodium acetate), a brief nuclear criticality may have initiated it. The explosion’s size has been estimated at 5-100 tons of TNT.
The explosion completely destroyed the tank and damaged two adjacent ones. About 90 percent of the radioactive waste fell to the ground in the immediate vicinity of the tank, while about 10 percent was lofted by the wind in a plume up to 1 kilometer high and 300 kilometers long. Image
Read 9 tweets
Sep 19, 2023
Today in 1980 at about 3:00am, the highly-volatile liquid fuel of a nuclear-armed Titan II ICBM exploded inside an underground silo 3.3 miles north-northeast of Damascus, Arkansas, and approximately 50 miles north of the capital of Little Rock, destroying the missile and silo.

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The explosion—which occurred more than 8 hours after a worker accidentally dropped a large socket, puncturing a fuel tank—killed Sr. Airman David Livingston, 22, destroyed the missile and silo, and hurled its 9-Mt W53 warhead through the 740-ton silo doors and ~100 feet away.


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Note also the unintentionally ironic, below-the-fold headline in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch that day, beneath the article about the catastrophic accident: “Would Use A-Bomb If Necessary To Defend U.S., Carter Warns.” Image
Read 7 tweets
Sep 17, 2023
Today in 1955, a specially-modified B-36 bomber—the NB-36H—made its first test flight out of Carswell AFB, Texas, carrying (but not powered by) an operational 1-Megawatt air-cooled nuclear reactor. It would make 46 additional flights over Texas and New Mexico through March 1957. Image
The NB-36H flew directly over Lake Worth, the principal water source for Fort Worth. A B-50 carrying specially-trained paratroopers escorted each test flight. Had the NB-36H crashed, they would jump into the impact zone to prevent any unauthorized entry.
A 12-ton lead-and-rubber-shielded cockpit with windows 10-12 inches thick protected the flight crew from the otherwise lethal amount of radiation emanating from the reactor hanging in the bomb bay. Special water pockets installed aft of the cockpit also absorbed radiation.
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Read 20 tweets
Sep 14, 2023
OTD in 1954—for its ninth nuclear test—the USSR staged a live-fire nuclear wargame ~600 mi. SE of Moscow near Totskoye. At 9:33am (local), a 40-kt atomic bomb exploded 1,150 feet in the air between two groups of soldiers, some just 2 miles from the blast.
The roughly 45,000 soldiers were then ordered into mock battle under highly radioactive conditions for the remainder of the day. Most had no protective equipment and were not warned about the dangers. Some who were issued gas masks removed them in the oppressive 115F (46C) heat.
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Exposures that day were reportedly ten times the maximum allowable level for US soldiers for an entire year. The 1,000,000 people who lived within 100 miles of the blast were given no warning at all. For more about this “monstrous” exercise, see: washingtonpost.com/archive/politi…
Read 10 tweets
Sep 11, 2023
On September 11, 2001, US Strategic Command was one week into its annual Global Guardian nuclear command and control exercise. Bombers had been armed with nuclear weapons, ICBMs and several SSBNs were on alert, and three E-4B command posts were airborne. omaha.com/local/on-strat…
Which is why, when Air Force One landed at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana (taking President George W. Bush from Sarasota, Florida, to Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, and, eventually, back to Washington, DC), this is the first thing that happened: politico.com/magazine/story…
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In 2016, @warkin and @rwindrem reported that three dozen live nuclear weapons were loaded aboard strategic bombers at three US Air Force bases that day. The other bases were almost certainly Minot AFB in North Dakota and Whiteman AFB in Missouri. nbcnews.com/storyline/9-11…
Read 9 tweets

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