This morning in 1966 over Palomares, Spain, a B-52G bomber on airborne alert collided with a KC-135 tanker during a routine high-altitude refueling operation, killing all 4 tanker crew members and 3 of the B-52’s crew, and causing 4 1.45-Megaton B28 H-bombs to fall to earth.
Conventional high explosives in two of the three bombs that hit land detonated on impact, contaminating local tomato fields with plutonium. US troops dug up 1,400 tons of radioactive soil and vegetation, which was buried in an AEC dump in South Carolina. But we didn't get it all.
Decades later, many USAF veterans involved in that cleanup effort are suffering and dying from a variety of ailments they link to being ordered to clean up the radioactive debris in Palomares without any protection. They seek recognition and medical care. nytimes.com/video/us/10000…
On Dec. 6, 2019, an appeals court granted class action status to some of the USAF veterans suing the Department of Veterans Affairs to demand coverage of their medical care for radiation-induced illnesses. But many of the 1,600 involved had already died. nytimes.com/2020/02/11/us/…
On September 2, 2020, the court accepted new evidence on behalf of the class, including a declaration by a former Strategic Air Command medical officer, Dr. Murray Watnick, that approximately 10 kilograms of plutonium-239 was released at Palomares. counterpunch.org/2020/12/18/air…
The fourth bomb fell into the Mediterranean Sea 12 miles off the coast and sank to a depth of 2,550 feet. It was lost for 80 days, creating a huge public relations problem for the United States and spurring a massive underwater search effort leading to its retrieval on April 7.
To try and allay public fears during the long search, US Ambassador to Spain Angier Biddle Duke (at left in second photo) took a highly-publicized dip in the Mediterranean off Palomares on March 8, 1966. Afterward, he declared to reporters, “If this is radioactivity, I love it!”
Once the missing bomb was recovered from the seafloor (the Navy submersible USS Alvin located it and it was retrieved by the unmanned torpedo recovery vehicle CURV-1), it was shown to the press aboard the USS Petrel, the first time a US hydrogen bomb had been publicly displayed.
Left to right: Sr. Don Antonio Velilla Manteca, chief of Spain's Nuclear Energy Board in Palomares, Brig. Gen. Arturo Montel Touzet, Spain's search & recovery coordinator, Rear Adm. William S. Guest, Cmdr US Navy Task Force 65, and Maj. Gen. Delmar E. Wilson, Cmdr 16th Air Force.
Here’s a color photograph from the opposite angle of the long-submerged B28 thermonuclear bomb aboard the USS Petrel, with the CURV in the background. The bomb’s nose was severely dented and it had two ~40-inch-long gashes in its tail section. Water had infiltrated all sections.
Here is how the New York Times reported the closely-watched recovery of the lost thermonuclear bomb on April 8 and 9, 1966 (erroneously reporting its yield as 20 Megatons):
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Seventy years ago today, President Truman secretly approved the congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy’s so-called 50-150 expansion program, directing the Atomic Energy Commission to arbitrarily increase production of plutonium by 50% and highly enriched uranium by 150%.
Thus a decade later, the US nuclear stockpile soared from 841 bombs to 25,540 bombs/warheads. The JCAE—with the Joint Chiefs of Staff’s approval—urged an expansion in May 1951. AEC objected to an open-ended plan, arguing for specific military requirements. JCAE and DOD won out.
Although the 50-150 program was highly-classified information, JCAE chairman Senator Brien McMahon (D-Connecticut) infuriated the Atomic Energy Commission and President Truman by leaking word of it to the press immediately after meeting with Truman about it on January 17.
Today in 1986, Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, publicly issued a bold and unprecedented three-stage proposal for eliminating all nuclear weapons worldwide by 2000. Most of President Reagan’s advisers rejected it as propaganda.
Twenty-one days after first putting out his detailed proposal, Gorbachev purchased a full-page advertisement in the February 5 edition of the New York Times (see above) to help get the word out, because—as far as he could tell—no one in the US government was taking it seriously.
Here is Gorbachev’s January 14, 1986, letter to President Reagan laying out the the rationale and objectives for his sweeping nuclear disarmament plan, sent one day before the proposal appeared as an advertisement in the New York Times: nsarchive.gwu.edu/document/22092…
Today in 1965, the USSR conducted the Chagan test, its first “peaceful nuclear explosion,” detonating a 140-kiloton device 584 feet beneath the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan that blasted a crater 1,339-feet wide and 328-feet deep, which it turned into a lake.
This official Soviet-era film documented the preparations for and execution of the Chagan test and the subsequent filling of the artificial lake. Be sure to watch for a close-up view of the device (at 0:21-0:42) and a man jumping in for a swim (at 4:00).
Here is a captioned HD excerpt of that same film courtesy of @atomicarchive.
Today in 1986, Barbara Donachy’s art installation “Amber Waves of Grain”—depicting in ~35,000 ceramic miniatures every bomber, missile, submarine, warhead, and bomb in the US nuclear arsenal—opened in Boston after prior showings in New York, Washington, DC, Colorado, and Berlin.
Here is a short video about the installation:
And here is an article about it in the New York Times:
About 1:40am today in 1964, a B-52D flying from Westover AFB, MA, to Turner AFB, GA, following a diversion from a CHROME DOME airborne alert mission, encountered severe turbulence in a blizzard, lost its tail section, and crashed on Big Savage Mt., ~17 mi. SW of Cumberland, MD.
The aircraft carried two war reserve 9-Mt B53 thermonuclear bombs. Pilot Maj. Thomas W. McCormick (42), ejected and trudged six hours through deep snow to a farmhouse. Co-pilot Capt. Parker Peedin (29) also ejected and was found by searchers more than 36 hours after the crash.
Navigator Robert L. Payne (41) and tailgunner Melvin Wooten (27) also ejected but succumbed to sub-freezing temperatures attempting to find shelter. Bombardier Robert. L. Townley (42) did not eject and died on impact. The two bombs were recovered damaged but relatively intact.
A view of the “Big Board” at Strategic Air Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, sometime in the late 1950s or early 1960s.
You can see the “Big Board” in action in the special 1958 USAF film “Power of Decision” (starting at 4:06), which may be the first and only government film depicting the devastating mechanics of nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union: