1880's German immigrants brought a type of pork sausages, Frankfurter Würstchen, named for Frankfurt (hence 'franks') or, if mix pork/ beef, a Vienna (Wiener) Würstchen (hence "weiner").
But how did they come to be the hot dogs we know?
It was widely believed that disreputable street-corner sellers made them from stray dogs. Thomas Edison even made a 19024short film called "Dog Factory" showing dogs being shoved into a machine, and sausages coming out the other side. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm…
So, a hot dog was a derogatory reference to meat contents, probably aimed at insulting the vendor... that stuck. See cartoon, if you can make it out.
So where did the bun come from? Multiple versions of story, but I'll share some.
There's a story of German American immigrant Feuchtwanger who sold sausages from his cart, and loaned each customer a glove to protect hand from hot meat.
His losses from unreturned gloves prompted wife to suggest just handing out bread slices instead.
The idea stuck, grew.
Another version of the story centers on Coney Island, where the carts had small coal fires to heat bread and sausages, served separately, or together in an order.
Customers provided the innovation of combining them into an easy to carry dish while strolling the boardwalk.
There are a thousands variations of the hot dog (which is a sandwich, obviously), but honorable mention goes to Finland for developing the pølse i vaffel "hot dog in a waffle" that I am now dying to try to replicate:
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Famed population geneticist RA Fisher published this paper in 1936 taking Mendel to task for either concealing, cherry-picking, or omitting parts of his study of pea genetics.
1. The segregation ratios (as in 'Mendelian ratios') are too perfect. Actual observations are modified by noise and distortion, only land on the 3:1, 1:2:1 ratios in extremely large samples sizes of ideal, perfect genetic models.
I want to talk about the Map-Territory Relation in #science & why it matters to many topics in public perception of science.
It's what I think of when people insist that 'science says there are only two genders'.
Maybe you've seen this work by René Magritte, called "The Treachery of Images". The text translates: "this is not a pipe".
It's not. It's an IMAGE of a pipe. It only resembles an actual pipe in one very specific way, from a particular angle, in 2-D.
Like this PICTURE of a pipe, a scientific model or system of classification is by nature a SIMPLIFICATION.
British statistician George Box: "Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful. However, the approximate nature of the model must always be borne in mind."
But the most interesting story about Benjamin Franklin I've run across is the giant pit filled with human bones that was recently (1997) found in his basement.
Really.
A giant pit of human bones. The remains of at least 28 bodies. In his basement. Cut up with a saw.
Ben Franklin lived at 36 Craven Street in London (now the 'Benjamin Franklin House & Museum').
Workers doing renovations found the bones in a buried pit in the basement, remains including those of infants.
He had a special arrangement with a friend of a friend, William Hewson, now called the "Father of Hematology" for his discovery of blood composition and fibrin.
Hewson operated an "anatomy school" in Ben Franklin's garden (back yard) where students dissected cadavers.
He had an acknowledged illegitimate son, William, who was the last British governor of New Jersey & chief Loyalist, running pro-British military operations from his base in New York.
He died in exile. But HE had an illegitimate son...
William Temple Franklin was William's illegitimate son, born while William was in law school, London.
"Temple" accompanied his GRANDFATHER Benjamin & acted as his secretary, worked on Treaty of Paris where France recognized USA.
Brief return to US, then rest of life in France.
Temple had an illegitimate son, Théodore, but he died before the age of 5, and an illegitimate daughter, Ellen Franklin Hanbury, who was raised by HER grandfather William.
Ellen married but had no children, so this particular chain of Franklin Bastards reaches its end.
My hypothesis:
Humans invented hats because we were envious of the marvelous headgear in the animal world.
Let's talk about antlers, horns, ossicones & pronghorns.
#Antlers are shed & regrown every year, composed of bone that begins at a pedicle, base structure that remains after shedding. Antlers are extensions of the the skull.
Mechanism of growth similar to bone HEALING: cartilaginous tissue gives rise to bone coated in skin "velvet".
Antlers usually only form on males, with one exception: female reindeer grow shortened antlers, which may be functional for snow clearing, or challenge between females over scarce food resources.