Bull (ish) = Price is rising
Bear (ish) = Price is falling
โข Chart Types
- Candlestick
- Line
- Bar
There are more,
but these 3 are common.
Weโll be focusing on candlesticks in this thread, as it is the most important and the easiest one to trade.
โข Candlesticks Explained
Stock Price movements consist of the following:
โข Opening Price
โข Closing Price
โข High of the day
โข Low of Day
Now that we know how to identify the opening, closing, high and low parts on a candlestick.
We must also learn about
- Upper shadow
- Real Body
- Lower shadow
Look at the diagrams below ๐๐ฝ
Candlestick charts build patterns that predict price direction once completed.
Letโs check a few of them out ๐๐ฝ
โข 8 most know candlestick patterns
1. Doji Star 2. Morning Star 3. Evening star 4. Bullish Engulfing Candle 5. Rising Three Method Pattern 6. Bullish hammer 7. Inverted hammer 8. Shooting star
1/ Doji Star
It is when the opening and closing price of a security is almost the same. (Small real body)
It signals a potential reversal of a downtrend
(+ vice versa in a bullish trend ) ๐๐ฝ
(Itโs the candle stick in the middle)
Bullish Bearish
2/ Morning star
Is a bullish 3 candle pattern which is formed at the bottom of a move down.
Once you spot a doji, you wait for the 2nd green candle to give confirmation that itโs turning bullish, then you go long.
You set your stop loss at the previous red candles close.
3/ Evening star
Itโs the opposite of a morning star. Itโs a bearish 3 candle pattern which is formed on the top of a move up.
Once you spot a doji in an uptrend, you wait for the second red candle and go short.
4/ Bullish Engulfing pattern
It opens lower than the previous days close, and then closes higher than the previous days open.
(+ vice versa for bearish )
A bullish reversal is more likely if the bearish trend is oversold. But canโt be reliant just on its own
Looks like this๐๐ฝ
5/ Rising Three Methods Pattern
The bulls are in control before pausing to see if there is enough conviction in the uptrend.
The red candles are considered consolidation before moving up again in an existing uptrend.
Sellers have no control.
Bullish set up ๐๐ฝ
Bearish setup๐๐ฝ
characterized by two long candlesticks in the direction of the trend, one at the beginning and end, with three shorter counter-trend candlesticks in the middle
This pattern shows traders that the bulls still don't have sufficient conviction to reverse the trend
6/
Bullish Hammer
Hammer candlesticks typically occur after a price decline. They have a small real body and a long lower shadow
The lower shadow should be at least two times the height of the real body.
The price must start moving up following the hammer to confirm upside.
7/ Inverted Hammer
This is a bullish reversal pattern, it signals that a stock is nearing the bottom in a down trend.
The inverted hammer looks like an upside down version of the hammer candlestick pattern (above).
When it appears in an uptrend it is called a shooting star.
8/ Shooting star
On the right side of the image is a shooting star pattern, it is the opposite of an inverted hammer.
It presents itself in an uptrend and usually precedes falling prices.
Thatโs it for now, if you want to be a better trader then follow @talkcentss for more trading education.
๐๐ฐ๐ฐ๐ผ๐๐ป๐๐ถ๐ป๐ด records information related to a businessโs transactions,
It provides a summary of statements reflecting the financial performance of an entity. Think of it as the ๐น๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐๐ฎ๐ด๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ฏ๐๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฒ๐๐.
National Treasury ( NT ) plans to use the ๐๐ป๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ด๐ฎ๐ถ๐ป๐ from the Gold and Foreign Exchange Contingency Reserve Account ( GFECRA )
They call it โ๐ช๐ฎ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ณ๐ฎ๐น๐นโ arrangement
Learn more ๐ป
** Glossary **
โช๏ธNational Treasury
โช๏ธGFECRA
National Treasury is one of many departments of the South African Government
The Treasury falls within the portfolio of the Minister of Finance, and the role of NT is to manage the Governmentโs Finances.
The South African Revenue Service (SARS) and Statistics South Africa also fall under this wing.
โโโโโโ-
The Gold and Foreign Exchange Contingency Reserve Account is a tool used to safeguard the country's financial stability.
This accountโs purpose is in its name, it holds the reserves of gold and foreign currencies South Africa has built up.
1/ The Waterfall Arrangement
๐ฆ๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐บ๐ผ๐ป๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐ถ๐ป๐๐ผ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐๐๐๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐ถ๐ป *๐๐ป๐๐ฒ๐๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฑ, it means it has grown larger over the years due to currency depreciation.
( remember this, cause this will be important later on )
โโโโโ
Going forward, the funds from the GFECRA will now be distributed into 3 pools, ๐๐ต๐ถ๐ฐ๐ต ๐๐ถ๐น๐น ๐ฏ๐ฒ ๐ธ๐ป๐ผ๐๐ป ๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ช๐ฎ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ณ๐ฎ๐น๐น ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐ฒ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐.
*Unsettled funds going into ๐๐๐๐๐ฅ๐, means funds that entered into the account and had no purpose, they werenโt allocated or spent to anything specific.
*Picture just for visualization purposes to show the 3 Pools ( Waterfall arrangement)
The story dates back to 1886 and can be traced to the days of the Johannesburg Gold rush.
Here is how a man with a small brewery in Northern Natal led to the historic legacy of the South African Breweries (SAB)
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
Charles Glass, British-Born-Brewer, established Glass & Co in 1864, which ended up giving birth to a global powerhouse in the later years.
As time passed, he saw a money making opportunity in the market, to provide miners with beer in the Witwatersrand Reef (๐ฎ๐น๐๐ผ ๐ธ๐ป๐ผ๐๐ป ๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ).
The beer soon became a hit that Charles and his wife, Lisa, decided to set up their brewery in the business centre of the town to capture the influx of fortune seekers coming to Witwatersrand Reef.
The phrase โ๐๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ฎ ๐ด๐ผ๐น๐ฑ ๐ฟ๐๐๐ต, ๐๐ฒ๐น๐น ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐โ, seems more appropriate hereโ.
His beer brew took some time to gain traction, it was only when Charles Glassโs new beer, ๐๐ฎ๐๐๐น๐ฒ ๐๐ฒ๐ฒ๐ฟ, was introduced that he won the miners over and secured the market.
It was in 1884 that Castleโs famous label, ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ต๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฒ-๐๐๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐, ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ถ๐ป๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ฑ.
As a result of his success with Castle Beer, he renamed his business to โ๐๐ฎ๐๐๐น๐ฒ ๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐โ and focused on distribution, to expand.
Because of the extraordinary quantities of gold that had been extracted from the Witwatersrand rocks,
๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฆ๐ผ๐๐๐ต ๐๐ณ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฐ๐๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ป๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ถ๐ป ๐ญ๐ต๐ฒ๐ญ upon the declaration of the republic
Learn more here:
The History of the South African Reserve Bank ๐๐ฝ
The lease on their premise expires, and J. M. L. Baumann purchases the bakery operations from his uncle
๐๐ฒ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฒ๐ป ๐ญ๐ด๐ด๐ฑ - ๐ญ๐ด๐ต๐ฑ, he (J.M.L) constructs a small building and starts to buy biscuit machinery, to make more โ๐๐๐๐๐ข ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐โ such as, ginger nuts and marie biscuits.
The company starts to falter because of the anti-German riots, which leads to the bakery and shop being burnt to the ground, ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ฝ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ถ๐, there are massive supply disruptions across the country during the Great Depression
๐๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ,
a couple of things worked out in their favor.
(I) The factory manages to survive the anti-German riots of 1915, mainly because it was producing biscuits for the army, so the factory was put under government protection to prevent further damage.
(ii) the company's name changes from Baumann's (German) to ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ถ๐บ๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ฑ, thus giving birth to the iconic brand we now know today.
The famous Bakerโs mascot makes its first appearance on the packaging in 1923.
2/ The Following Chapter
The Family business is passed down from generation to generation, an epitome, of generational wealth.
A young man finishes school and needs a job, just as many do, he finds the most convenient job available, which is at the ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐น๐ฎ๐ ๐ฆ๐๐ฒ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ฐ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐, just down the road from his house in Troyeville, Johannesburg.
The creator of the iconic
๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ถ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐๐ฏ๐ฏ๐น๐ฒ๐ด๐๐บ ๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ was inspired when the Chapelat Confectionary Company found themselves losing their biggest client at the time โ OK Bazaars
This pressure led Arthur Ginsberg to come up with the ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ถ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ถ๐ป ๐ญ๐ต๐ฐ๐ด. The idea was sparked by looking at a competitorโs product.
Wicks bubble gum, at the time, was selling gum for a penny each, and Arthur believed he could sell two for a penny โ๐ด๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ฏ๐ถ๐ฟ๐๐ต ๐๐ผ ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ถ๐ฒ๐.
*The Chapelat Sweet Factory is what gave him the inspiration and it is where โchappiesโ derived its name from.
Arthur had been made head of marketing and sales at Chapelat Confectionary Company, even though he spent many years studying at night to complete a BComm degree at Wits University.
He was truly passionate about marketing and advertising.
The only thing that was left to do was to market Chappies, this is where Arthur Ginsberg proved to be a mastermind.
He focused on making chappies attractive to children by having the famous โ๐๐ถ๐ฑ ๐๐ผ๐ ๐ธ๐ป๐ผ๐โ questions on the inside of each wrapper.
๐๐ถ๐ฑ ๐๐ผ๐ ๐ธ๐ป๐ผ๐:
A cartoon chipmunk was inserted under โChappiesโ on the wrapper.
Management felt that rural black children who possibly couldnโt read needed to be able distinguish the real Chappies from any substitutes on the market, and the chipmunk was that distinctive feature.
*The wrapper still contains the famous chipmunk today.