1/7 将现实(线下)社会的经济交往和交易活动的通行规则和做法推到线上(网络)社会,但实践中却越来越难以适应网上交易的需求。
2/7 比如,当事人身份验证,自然的选择就是以各国法律保护的身份证件的信息为基础,再增加账户或交易密码,以及脸谱、虹膜、指纹等生物识别等,进行线上交易的身份验证。
3/7 这种方法,首先就使得跨境互联互通的网络世界的公民身份信息受到现实社会行政管辖的制约。同时,非数字化的、多种身份信息的采集和验证会大大增加成本、降低效率。
4/7 再者,现实社会中各种经济活动涉及资金清算的,除直接的现金交易外,都需要当事人首先在银行等机构开立账户,并通过开户机构进行资金清算。但由于种种原因,即使一个国家内,也不可能要求所有的公民都在一个开户机构(包括其分支机构)开立账户,跨国之间就更不可能做到。
5/7 这就使得在不同机构开立账户的当事人的交易,必须通过其开户机构之间的清算才能完成。将这种模式推行到网络世界,更将严重影响交易确认和资金清算的效率和成本。
6/7 还有,现实社会中,交易活动的计价和清算必然涉及货币,而货币都是以国家或地区主权保护的法定货币。在互联网跨境交易跨境发展的情况下,交易的计价和资金的清算还涉及货币的问题,多种货币的运行,也将大大增加清算的成本和风险。
7/7 摘自《区块链:网络世界运行规则与技术的全新探索》王永利

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