Maharshi Kapila is traditionally credited as a founder of the Samkhya
Everything in reality stems from purusha (self, soul or mind) and prakriti (matter, creative agency, energy).
2)Yoga
Maharshi Patanjali is the founder of Yoga.
The objective of Yoga is- to better oneself physically, mentally and spiritually
The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali is a key text of the Yoga school of Hinduism
3)Nyaya
Maharshi Gautama Muni is the founder of this school with his Nyaya-sutra. It approaches philosophical questions in a scientific and rational approach and knowledge through the five senses is the sole way of attaining liberation from the cycle of birth &death.
Vaisheshika
It was founded by Maharshi Kanada
All objects in the physical universe are reducible to paramāṇu(atoms), and one’s experiences are derived from the interplay of substance, quality, activity, commonness, particularity and inherence.
Purva Mimamsa
It was propounded by Maharshi Jaimini
It places emphasis on the power of yajnas and mantras in sustaining the activities of the universe.
This school of thought states that a human being can attain salvation only by acting in conformity with the principles of Vedas
Vedanta
It is also referred to as Uttara Mimamsa
It is a monistic school of philosophy that believes world is unreal and the only reality is Brahman
Sub-branches of Vedanta are: Advaita, Visishtadvaita, Dvaita, Dvaitadvaita
Lokayata / Charvaka
Brihaspati is traditionally referred to as the founder of Charvaka or Lokāyata philosophy
Charvaka holds direct perception, empiricism, and conditional inference as proper sources of knowledge, embraces philosophical skepticism and rejects ritualism.
Ajivika
It was founded by Goshala Maskariputra
the Ajivikas supposedly held that the affairs of the entire universe were ordered by a cosmic force called niyati that determined all events, including an individual’s fate, to the last detail
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This is oldest among the universities in ancient India. It was well known as a centre of learning as early as during 700 B.C.Famous students are Panini,Chanakya,Jivaka.
Nalanda ( 425 A. D. - 1205 A.D)
University was founded by Sakraditya.The famous teachers associated with Nalanda are Nagarjuna, Vasubandhu, Dinnaga, Padmasaihbhava, Shantarakshita, Aryadeva,Rahulabhadra, Asanga, Jayadeva, Chandrakirti,Dharmapala
Valabhi (600 A.D - 1200 A.D)
Valabhi was the capital of Maitraka kings during
the period 480-775 A. D ,it was born from the
benefactions of these kings. In about the middle of the 7th century when Hiuen Tsiang visited the place there were 6,000monks studying in the university.
1)Bharatanatyam is over 2000 years old. It is a dance primarily originating in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is also the oldest surviving classical dance in India.
2)Kathakali - Kathakali originates primarily from Kerala.Basic components and distinct features of this form of classical dance can be traced back to ancient Sanskrit Hindu text- ‘Natya Shastra’.
Mohiniattam -It originated in the state of Kerala. The dance is performed by women in honor of the Hindu god Vishnu in his incarnation as the enchantress Mohini. Mohiniattam is exclusively danced by women.
The word “Dharma” has multiple meanings depending on the context in which it is used. These include: conduct, duty, right, justice, virtue, morality, religion, religious merit, good work according to a right or rule, etc.
Religion applies only to human beings and not to the entire cosmos; there is no religion of electrons, monkeys, plants and galaxies, whereas all of them have their "Dharma" even if they carry it out without intention.
The equivalent of Dharma in English is considered "religion". If "religion" means the condition of belonging to a religious order,then "Dharma" has nothing to do with religion. In this sense, the Sanskrit word for "religion" can be "sampradaya" or "Mata", but not Dharma.
Nagara architecture, the shikhara takes the shape of a curvilinear beehive. The temple is a square with a number of graduated projections in the middle of each side, giving a cruciform shape
Chola architecture
In Chola architecture, the tower or Gopuram consists of progressive smaller stories of pavilions. These temples were square in plan and pyramidal in shape; included porches (mandapams) and pillard halls (chaultris or chawadis)
Gupta architecture
Temples which evolved from the earlier tradition of rock-cut shrines.Adorned with towers and elaborate carvings, Gupta architecture is very diverse in style, design and features.
1)Velu Thampi Dalawa (1765–1809) Minister of the kingdom of Travancore .One of the earliest individuals to rebel against the British East India Company's supremacy in India
2)Pazhassi Raja (1753 –1805) He was a warrior prince and de facto head of the kingdom of Kottayam, known for Cotiote War against British. He is popularly known as Kerala Simham (Lion of Kerala),also fought
troops of Tipu Sultan.
3)Thalakkal Chanthu (1802) -archer and commander-in-chief of the Kurichya soldiers of the Pazhassi Raja who fought British forces in the Wayanad jungles during first decade of the 19th century