Entirely unprompted here, but please check out @FadingRallies. Also @choffstein's Liquidity Cascades paper (link below). The flow between MMs, passive funds, ELS, and generally the effects of reflexive dealer hedging are key to understanding this regime!
Even if you aren't a trader (I certainly am not, although I try to keep up with it all) it is still super important to understand the regime and how it all fits in from a risk perspective. You CANNOT just take the models as your risk! Eigenportfolios decay, I would know I work
with them all the time so that isn't even the perfect metric (although I do love them). Statistical models will capture some risk but at the end of the day, you choose the parameters and the distribution you feed in is key. Knowing fat tails exist is incredibly important for this
Not just from a NNT pov where you say ahhh the end is nye, but from a conditional perspective where you have to play around with models like CVaR. Especially, if you are doing anything remotely long vol/skew/kurt then it will all be event-driven. Risk models aren't just a
peripheral model to include after the fact. Risk signals and alpha signals are distinctly important features to engineer. Risk signals are usually event driven, but can be statistical as well. VRP, CRP, SRP (vol,corr,skew risk premiums) are all great. VIX-VOLI too!
Your NNs only learn based on the data you feed them. One of the worst mistakes in quant for juniors is trusting your model. RenTech almost blew up, but Jim knew not to trust the models, TWICE, and that is a key reason they are still here today. Even the best funds are wrong!
Just don't take it personally, your model isn't wrong, it did it's best with the data. YOU WHERE WRONG, because you trusted the data. Data is non-ergodicit. The assumptions you make your money on (day-to-day) are very different than what you manage to keep your money based on.
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A key concept for MMs is how you manage inventory. Avellaneda and Stoikov is basically the model everyone uses for this. Then there comes the offset, basically how wide your spreads are. That's your basic model of liquidity provision...
From there we get to have some fun! If you can create multiple forecasts for different timeframes (and at a super-advanced level compute speeds) you can make spreads asymmetric and intentionally hold inventory...
Tweeting a question I was asked/ response regarding MM:
(me adding bonus resources):
A great example of C++ HFT MM algorithms. An improvement idea I have suggested to the author but can also be attempted by interested algotraders is that a fast model like XGBOOST (there is a C++
library) is used alongside some alphas to make spreads asymmetric before traders can trade against you and you get negative edge in those trades. A large part of market making is cheaply executing alphas by trying to get inventory on the side of your predictions and also by
getting out the way of adverse conditions by making your spreads asymmetrically wide (traders with alpha against you). github.com/hello2all/gamm…
I think you can probably classify modeling and feature engineering into a few areas: ML, Statistics, Time Series, Microstructural, some fun extras like entropy which are super weird to work with TA, data-mined alphas, and signal processing.
1/who knows lol
I'll probably speak on each of these eventually, but today I think it'd be good to get some publicity on signal processing. It's underhyped compared to ML and just as deserving.
2/
A lot of the literature is exclusive to electrical engineering and CS, but I can tell you there is lots of alpha in the area. As the story usually goes NN models like LSTMs get a bad rap performance-wise bc of their terrible application
3/