Ray Dalio Profile picture
Feb 3 7 tweets 2 min read
That is because all investments are exchanges of lump-sum payments today for future payments. (1/7) Image
What these future cash payments will be is determined by growth and inflation, what risk investors are willing to take in investing in them as compared to having cash in hand is the risk premium, (2/7)
and what they are worth today, which is called their “present value,” is determined by the discount rate. (3/7)
How these four determinants change drives how investment returns change. Tell me what each of these determinants is going to do and I can tell you what the investments are going to do. (4/7)
Knowing this tells me how to connect what is happening in the world to what is happening in the markets & vice versa. It also shows me how to balance my investments so that my portfolio doesn’t have any bias to any environment, which is what produces good diversification. (5/7)
Governments influence these factors through their fiscal and monetary policies. As a result, interactions between what governments want to happen and what is actually happening are what drive the cycles. (6/7)
For the complete picture of how things work and where we are, my new book, Principles for Dealing with the Changing World Order, is now available amazon.com/Changing-World… (7/7)

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More from @RayDalio

Feb 2
As of this writing there are varying amounts of conflict going on within different countries, as shown in this chart. (1/5)
Internal conflict is especially high in the United States, which appears to be in Stage 5 of the cycle (when there are bad financial conditions and intense conflict), while China appears to be in Stage 3 (when there is peace and prosperity). (2/5)
Changes to this measure can happen quickly—e.g., the changes that produced the Arab Spring, the conflicts in Hong Kong, internal wars in Syria and Afghanistan, recent big protests in Peru and Chile, etc.—leading to revolutionary changes in their internal orders. (3/5)
Read 5 tweets
Jan 26
I threw a lot at you in the last post. You might want to watch again slowly so you can see if the sequence makes sense to you. (1/8)
To summarize, around the upward trend of productivity gains that produce rising wealth and better living standards, there are cycles that produce prosperous periods of building in which the country is fundamentally strong because (2/8)
there are relatively low levels of indebtedness, relatively small wealth, values, and political gaps, people working effectively together to produce prosperity, good education and infrastructure, strong and capable leadership, (3/8)
Read 8 tweets
Jan 20
While historians assign dates to the beginnings and ends of civil wars, they are arbitrary. The truth is that almost no one at the time knows that a civil war has begun or that it has ended, but they know when they are in them. (1/5)
For example, many historians have designated July 14, 1789, as the day the French Revolution began because a mob stormed an armory and prison called the Bastille. (2/5)
But nobody at the time thought it was the beginning of the French Revolution or had any idea how terribly brutal that civil war and revolution would become. (3/5)
Read 5 tweets
Jan 19
These changes are the natural consequence of needing to make big changes that can’t be made within the existing system. Almost all systems encounter them. (1/4) Image
That is because almost all systems benefit some classes of people at the expense of other classes, which eventually becomes intolerable to the point that there is a fight to determine the path forward. (2/4)
When the gaps in wealth and values become very wide and bad economic conditions ensue so that the system is not working for a large percentage of the people, the people will fight to change the system. (3/4)
Read 4 tweets
Jan 13
Interest rates are shown in these charts that go back to 1900. They show real (i.e., inflation-adjusted) bond yields, nominal (i.e., not inflation-adjusted) bond yields, and nominal and real cash rates for the US, Europe, and Japan at the time of my writing. (1/4)
As you can see they were much higher and now they are very low. Real yields of reserve currency sovereign bonds, at the time of my writing this, are near the lowest ever, and nominal bond yields are around 0 percent, also near the lowest ever. (2/4)
As shown real yields of cash are even lower, though not as negative as they were in the 1930–45 and 1915–20 great monetization periods. Nominal cash yields are near the lowest ever. (3/4)
Read 4 tweets
Jan 6
I hope you will take this one year anniversary of the January 6th events to reflect on what caused them and where we seem to be headed. The events didn’t come out of the blue. (1/5)
They were clearly emerging from years before as an extension of a pattern that has happened many times in history due to causes that are essentially the same as those that caused January 6th. (2/5)
By connecting the dots back through time, we can see the causes and effects and imagine where we could be headed. We can see that the order we have assumed would never change could change in profoundly disruptive ways. (3/5)
Read 6 tweets

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