The true colors of the solar system, a short thread. * First, let's start with the Sun. Can we all agree it's white to the eye?
* inspired by James O’Donoghue & Marina Koren, with some color corrections by me.
Mercury is so gray that it's tough to tell whether you are seeing pictures of it in color or black-and-white. This one is true color, seriously. blogs.agu.org/wildwildscienc…
Venus reflects 70% of the sunlight that hits it, nearly as reflective as freshly fallen snow. So yeah, it is super-white, as you can tell just by looking at it in the sky. nasa.gov/mission_pages/…
The DSCOVR spacecraft, orbiting about 1 million miles sunward from Earth, delivers daily true-color images of our planet. epic.gsfc.nasa.gov
Mars is...red? Nah, closer to an orange-brown. Still, it's a color that stands out in the sky. planetary.org/articles/10061…
Jupiter, I love you man, but when I look at you through a telescope you aren't quite as psychedelic as you are in most of your spacecraft photos. jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia0282…
Uranus gets unfairly maligned, and not just because of the name. When the Voyager probe took this true-color image, the planet was quiet and featureless. It now has a huge white storm streaked across its pole. nasa.gov/mission_pages/…
Methane makes Neptune blue. It has the fastest winds in the solar system & amazingly active storms, driven by heat from inside the planet. planetary.org/articles/08250…
Pluto packs a lot of exotic geology into a small space. This is roughly how it would look to a visiting astronaut; the light is dim, but your eyes would adapt. solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/933/…
Pluto is a world of contrasts, but nothing beats Saturn's moon Iapetus. It's almost perfectly split into black and white hemispheres. (Well, dark brown and off-white.) photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA116…
And if you're talking about colors in the solar system, you've got to include Jupiter's moon Io -- a crazy volcanic moon that resembles a badly made pizza. planetary.org/articles/2629
Remember the "mystery hut" spotted by China's Yutu-2 rover on the far side of the Moon? Now we've seen it up close. Behold...a Moon rock. mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VgtehRidYL8-…
Reminder: When you apply a lot of imagination to an image at the very edge of resolution, you're going to "see" all kinds of strange things. The Face on Mars was a classic of this genre.
Fortunately, the universe is full of genuine mysteries. We still don't know for sure whether there is life on Mars!
I see versions of this nonsense claim all the time. This one went hugely viral. So let's dig into the actual numbers, cars versus volcanoes. (1/x)
Human activities released 33 billion tons of CO2 in 2019. About 16% of that, or 5 billion tons, is associated with road transportation. iea.org/articles/globa…
Calculating "every car in history" isn't easy, since car use has grown enormously over the past 120 years. Being extremely conservative, the total is 20 times this year's amount, or 100 billion tons. 3/x
30 years ago, nobody knew for sure whether there were ANY planets around other stars. Today the number of confirmed planets just passed 4,000--and the variety out there is staggering. [a short thread]
A sweeping new paper (341 pages!) analyzes 426 nearby red dwarf stars. They seem to average at least 3 planets each, which translates to more than a trillion planets in the Milky Way, over 100 billion of them potentially habitable. arxiv.org/abs/1906.04644
The Gemini Planet Imager is surveying 531 bright, nearby stars. It takes direct images of their planets, showing that Jupiter-like planets are common around the types of stars that light up the night sky. news.berkeley.edu/2019/06/12/jup…