Clothaire was born in 584 to Chilperich, King of the Franks, and Fredegund. Not long after his birth, his father was killed, making Clothaire the king of the part of the Frankish realm that he ruled. He had inherited the smallest of the three Frankish Kingdoms - Neustria. 1/10
In 561, Clothaire's grandfather and namesake had died dividing the Frankish Kingdom into four. Chilperich, who was the youngest, received a Kingdom around Soissons, which contained the core area that the senior Clothaire had inherited in 511. 2/10
In 567, the eldest, King Charibert, died without male heirs and his Kingdom was divided amongst his brothers. By then, King Chilperich and his elder brother, King Sigebert, had married Visigothic princesses, Galswintha and Brunhild respectively. 3/10
But things weren't well between King Chilperich and his wife. The King abandoned his wife in 568 and apparently arranged for her to be killed. He then married his mistress, Fredegund. This sparked a tussle between the two Queens, Brunhild and Fredegund. 4/10
By the time Clothaire was born, King Sigebert had been assassinated and Clothaire's elder half brothers had died either in battle or with the involvement of their step mother, Fredegund. When Clothaire became King, his mother was in charge of his Kingdom. 5/10
Clothaire's position became a bit more precarious when in 587 Brunhild's son, Childebert became the heir to the remaining part of the Frankish Kingdom. By 592, King Childebert had reunited the Frankish realm except for Neustria, which was ruled by Clothaire. 6/10
War came swiftly in 593, but Neustria prevailed, with King Clothaire nominally leading the army. His luck turned better when his cousin died in 596 and his Kingdom got divided between his sons. Fredegund saw an opportunity and defeated Brunhild's grandsons. 7/10
A subsequent effort by King Clothaire in 599 ended in a disaster and led to Neustria almost being swallowed up by his rivals. Fortunately for Clothaire, Theodebert and Theoderich now went in battle against each other, likely on the instigation of their grandmother. 8/10
Clothaire managed to recover Neustria by 612, while Theoderich gained at his brother's expense. But Theoderich died in 613, making his son, Sigebert, the new King, and his great grandmother, Brunhild, regent. This led Frankish nobles to switch over to Clothaire. 9/10
In 613, Clothaire reunited the Frankish Kingdom. In 623, his son, Dagobert, succeeded in Austrasia, while younger Charibert received only Aquitaine on Clothaire's death in 629. But the civil war saw royal power reduce substantially, while nobility gained at their expense. 10/10
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Murad was born in 1404 to Mehmed. Mehmed was the son of Bayezid, the Ottoman Sultan who was captured by Timur in 1402. This led to a period of anarchy in the Sultanate. By 1413, Mehmed had managed to defeat his brothers and take over as Sultan of the entire Sultanate. 1/10
The Ottoman had Sultanate emerged in late 13th century after the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm was defeated by the Mongols. Many beyliks rose up in the Anatolian peninsula, one among which was ruled by the ancestors of Bayezid, Mehmed and Murad. 2/10
Rastislav was born in early 9th century. His father may have been Wistrach and his uncle Mojmír, the Duke of Moravia. Little is known about Rastislav's youth, until 846 when Franks invaded Moravia and installed Rastislav as the Duke of Moravia. 1/10
Moravia emerged as a semi independent state in Central Europe not long after the Franks had defeated the Avars in late 8th century. Moravia was not the first power in the region though. The Slavic states of Samo and of Nitra had lasted briefly during various times as well. 2/10
Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was born in 1815 to Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand von Bismarck and Wilhelmine Luise Mencken. Hailing from Schönhausen, the Bismarcks were a prominent noble family of the Kingdom of Prussia, with connections in Pomerania. 1/10
Prussia became a kingdom in 1701, but its major part was Brandenburg in the centuries old Holy Roman Empire. Invasion by the French in early 19th century led to the dissolution of this empire, with many of its regions joining Napoleon backed Confederation of the Rhine. 2/10
Camillo Benso was born in 1810 to Michele Benso, Marquis of Cavour, and Adélaïde Suzanne de Sellon. The Bensos were prominent nobility of Savoy. Camillo also had a distinguishing French connection thanks to his mother and his godmother Pauline, sister of Emperor Napoleon. 1/10
The early 18th century saw the French under Napoleon occupy Savoy. But the Bensos managed to see through it in a favourable manner eventually. Young Camilo's career prospects improved with his appointment as page to Carlo Alberto, Prince of Carignano in 1824. 2/10
Iaroslav Vladimirovich was born around 980 to Vladimir Sviatoslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev, and Rogned of Polotsk. Vladimir was initially supposed to rule only in Novgorod, but he had taken Kiev and Dereva from his brothers by 980. 1/10
Iaroslav was given an early charge of Rostov and, later, of Novgorod by 1010. But he sought Kiev and rebelled against his father, when he saw that one of his many brothers may be given Kiev. However, Vladimir died in 1015 and his domain got divided between his sons. 2/10
Birger Magnusson was born around 1210 to Magnus "Minnesköld" Bengtsson and Ingrid Ilva. Magnus was the grandson of the powerful Scandinavian noble, Folke, while Ingrid may have been a descendant of Sverker, King of Sweden in mid 12th century. 1/10
The kingdom of Sweden claimed land on the western and eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea in the 13th century. However, the crown itself was held between two dynasties since Sverker's death in 1156; by Sverker's family and that of Erik who became king after Sverker. 2/10