Translation of overlapping ORFs within larger ORFs can result in harmful effects on host tissues, such as interfering with organelle membrane protein activity or perturbing signaling pathways
The protein-coding potential of DNA/RNA vaccines should be investigated further
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Notably, the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine sequence is predicted to contain no frameshifted ORFs on the positive sense strand, which highlights the utility of codon optimization in DNA/RNA vaccine design to remove undesired overlapping ORFs 👍
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