A few people responding to my chart of Covid’s falling IFR with "how do you know it fell because of vaccines, and not natural immunity?"
Here’s IFR overlaid on immunity levels via vax vs via infection. Spot which source of immunity rockets just as IFR collapses... 🧐
The period from Jan to July 2021, when IFR plummets almost 10-fold from 1.3% to 0.15%, coincides perfectly with vaccine rollout going from 0 to 90%.
During same period, share of adults who’d had Covid inches up from 20% to 25%. Not nothing, but tiny in comparison to vaccination.
To be clear: as I’ve written many times, infection-acquired immunity played a significant role in building England’s immunity wall, esp in second half of 2021, but steep drop in IFR during first half of the year was very clearly primarily due to vaccines
I think some of the good-faith questions about relative roles of vaccination and infection are from folks who fail to realise quite how much faster and larger vaccine rollout was compared to "virus rollout".
During 2021, *far* more people got vaccinated than got infected.
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NEW: Is the internet changing our personalities for the worse?
Conscientiousness and extroversion are down, neuroticism up, with young adults leading the charge.
This is a really consequential shift, and there’s a lot going on here, so let’s get into the weeds 🧵
First up, personality analysis can feel vague, and you might well ask why it even matters?
On the first of those, the finding of distinct personality traits is robust. This field of research has been around for decades and holds up pretty well, even across cultures.
On the second, studies consistently find personality shapes life outcomes.
In fact, personality traits — esp conscientiousness and neuroticism — are stronger predictors of career success, divorce and mortality than someone’s socio-economic background or cognitive abilities.
There’s been a lot of discussion lately about rising graduate unemployment.
I dug a little closer and a striking story emerged:
Unemployment is climbing among young graduate *men*, but college-educated young women are generally doing okay.
In fact, young men with a college degree now have the same unemployment rate as young men who didn’t go to college, completely erasing the graduate employment premium.
Whereas a healthy premium remains for young women.
What’s going on?
At first glance, this looks like a case of the growing masses of male computer science graduates being uniquely exposed to the rapid adoption of generative AI in the tech sector, and finding jobs harder to come by than earlier cohorts.
The number of people travelling from Europe to the US in recent weeks has plummeted by as much as 35%, as travellers have cancelled plans in response to Trump’s policies and rhetoric, and horror stories from the border.
Denmark saw one of the steepest declines, in an indication that anger over Trump’s hostility towards Greenland may be contributing to the steep drop-off in visitor numbers.
Corporate quotes are usually pretty dry, but the co-founder of major travel website Kayak wasn’t mincing his words:
Recent results from major international tests show that the average person’s capacity to process information, use reasoning and solve novel problems has been falling since around the mid 2010s.
What should we make of this?
Nobody would argue that the fundamental biology of the human brain has changed in that time span. People’s underlying intellectual capacity is surely undimmed.
But there is growing evidence that the extent to which people can practically apply that capacity has been diminishing.
For such an important topic, there’s remarkably little long-term data on attention spans, focus etc.
But one source that has consistently tracked this is the Monitoring The Future survey, which finds a steep rise in the % of people struggling to concentrate or learn new things.