Mike Driscoll Profile picture
Feb 17 5 tweets 2 min read
Even if you are a beginner, you have probably used #Python's built-in `print()` function.

But let's take a few minutes to talk about the humble `print()` function and see what you might have missed!

#python_builtins_by_driscollis

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The `print()` function takes the following arguments:

🐍 *objects - Stuff to print
🐍 sep=' ' - A string to separate object
🐍 end='\n' - A string to end on
🐍 file=sys.stdout - Where to write the data
🐍 flush=False - Whether or not to force flush the stream
Let's look at some examples of using Python's `print()` function:
You can use `print()` to write directly to a file by changing the `file` keyword argument to a file object.

This could be used kind of like logging, but Python's logging module is much better for that sort of thing.
Thanks for reading my mini-thread on Python's `print()` function.

See you next time! 🐍🔥

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More from @driscollis

Feb 18
Today we are going to talk a little about creating command-line applications using #Python and its built-in `argparse` package!

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In this example of using `argparse`, you don't even create any custom arguments! You just create an ArgumentParser argument and call `print_help()`!

You can see in this example that `argparse` already provides useful information to your users without adding any arguments! Image
Normally when you create an `ArgumentParser` object, you would do so in a function and return the object.

Let's rewrite the previous example to follow that coding pattern: Image
Read 11 tweets
Feb 17
#Python has an awesome library called `collections`! One of my favorite tools from that library is the `Counter` class.

Here I use `Counter` to find the most common occurrences of a value in a list:
Let's use `collections.Counter()` to count letters in a string!

Note that the object that is returned by the Counter class can be accessed like a dictionary!
Python's `collections.Counter()` class has special methods that you can use to `subtract()` items from the counter object.

Here's an example:
Read 4 tweets
Feb 16
If you want to use #Python to read and write text or binary files, then you'll need to familiarize yourself with the built-in `open()` function!

Join me for this thread to learn more!

#python_builtins_by_driscollis

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#Python's `open()` function actually has quite a few different parameters that you can use:
The most commonly used parameters you will use with #Python's `open()` function are:

🐍 file - The path to the file
🐍 mode - Read, write, binary, etc
🐍 encoding - What encoding the file is in
Read 8 tweets
Feb 16
We have already learned about the `bin()` and `hex()` functions. Today you will learn about #Python's handy `oct()` function!

`oct()` is used to convert an integer number to an octal string prefixed with “0o”

#python_builtins_by_driscollis

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Here are a couple of examples of using the `oct()` function with positive and negative numbers:
The #Python documentation has a nice example that shows how to format octal numbers using string formatting:
Read 4 tweets
Feb 15
Blockchain is a super popular topic here on Twitter. While I am not a blockchain developer, I thought it would be fun to put together a short thread on blockchain and #Python

Check it out if you're interested in this topic!

🧵🐍👇
ActiveState is a well-respected #Python company with lots of great content and they have an intro article on blockchain with Python:

activestate.com/blog/how-to-bu… @ActiveState
@ActiveState The GeekFlare website also has a popular article on creating a blockchain with #Python:

geekflare.com/create-a-block…
Read 7 tweets
Feb 15
Python includes a built-in named `object`. This built-in isn't a function. It's actually a class.

The `object` class is the base class of all Python classes. It has methods that are common to all instances of Python classes.

#python_builtins_by_driscollis

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The following two examples show equivalent empty classes in Python.

They both subclass `object`: Image
You can verify that a class is a subclass of a specific class using Python's built-in `issubclass()`. Image
Read 4 tweets

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