Mina’i ceramics were made in Iran during the 12th & 13th centuries. Mina’i ware scenes depict courtly pursuits such as feasting, fighting, or poetry & music performances.
Many Mina’i ceramics were taken & put in museums across the world.
A thread on Mina’i ceramics in museums…
Mina’i bowl, late 12th-early 13th century Iran, Kashan
It can be imagined that the performer here, is delivering the verses inscribed along the rim of the bowl: "If the beloved leaves me, what am I to do? If s/he does not see the wisdom of our union, what am I to do?"
Mina’i bowl, late 12th-early 13th century (Seljuq), Iran.
The ruler and courtiers depicted in this scene all wear costumes with embroidered tiraz armbands of the type traditionally given by Muslim rulers as honorific gifts to their subjects.
Mina’i bowl, late 12th-early 13th century (Seljuq), Iran.
The central figure seen here is seated on a harnessed horse, possibly while on a hunt. The exterior of this footed bowl includes what is possibly a pseudo-inscription in the cursive naskhi style.
princely figures seated under a tree with birds & fishpond. Kufic inscription along the inside of the rim is based on the Arabic word, al-‘izz (glory) inscription on the outside is based on the word al-barr (piety)
Mina’i bowl, late 12th-early 13th century (Seljuq), Iran
Turquoise Bowl with Lute Player & Audience
Assembly with an audience of 10 people, or singers, surrounding the ’ud-player is depicted on this bowl. Bowls of fruit suggest the festive nature of the event
Decorated with an enthroned ruler flanked by two attendants; the inner walls are covered in a wide band of palmette scrolls. An inscription in kufic script borders the inside rim
Mina’i bowl, late 12th-early 13th century Iran, Seljuk
Depicting enthroned royal figure & four attendants with visitor in a garden with trees, birds and pond. Persian inscription painted below the figures with second inscription painted on the exterior rim.
Scholars of Islamic culture contributed significantly to botany, herbals & healing, improving knowledge of plants. They classified plants into those that grow from cuttings, those that grow from seed, & those that grow spontaneously
A thread on botany & art in Islamic culture…
1/ The Holy Qur’an provided the initial impetus for the investigation of herbs by Islamic writers, as plants are named in the depiction of Paradise & are used as signs of the Creator’s power and majesty. Inspired by their faith, Muslims worked extensively in this area
2/ Muslim scholars also commissioned botanical studies due to the need for research on medicinal plants, to respond to medical needs & contribute to the physical & mental health of the community. They created the context of the advent of pharmacology in Islamic civilization
The art of Henna has been practiced in South Asia, Africa & the Middle East for over 5000 years. The botanical name of the henna plant is Lawsonia inermis. A member of the Loosestrife family, henna originally comes from Egypt.
A thread on the art of henna in Muslim cultures...
1/ The English name henna comes from the Arabic term الحناء (al-ḥinnā). The name henna also refers to the dye prepared from the henna plant and the art of temporary tattooing from those dyes. Henna has been used for centuries to dye skin, hair & fingernails as well as fabrics
2/ Modern scientists discovered that henna is antibacterial, antifungal, & anti-hemorrhagic & it has historically been used for medicinal purposes. However, although the use of henna has branched out since its discovery in North Africa its most popular use is still beautification
Ismail al-Jazari, a Muslim inventor from the 12th century is known as the "father of robotics" due to his groundbreaking work in the field of automata, which are self-operating machines.
A thread on Ismail al-Jazari, engineering & robotics…
1/ While robotics is considered a relatively new field of science, with the public’s consensus that it is the creation of 20th-century scientists, it would be surprising to know that the field has its roots in the medieval era nearly a millennium ago, with Ismail Al Jazari
2/ Ismail Al Jazari gained fame for his extraordinary inventions, encompassing a wide spectrum of marvels. His repertoire included robots programmed to provide guests with towels, programmable on-off switches for fountains, automated mechanical clocks & much more!
A Candle Clock from a copy of al-Jazaris treatise on automata