1/12 Bryce Edwards & Liam Hehir argue many of the protesters at Wellington are 'old-school greenie activists', & therefore by definition can't be fascists. But there's a long history, in NZ, Australia, & Europe, of a convergence between fascism & certain types of environmentalism
2/12 Altho the vast majority of greenies past & present have obviously not been fascists, a minority played a role in the formation of the fascist movements of the '30s. & one of NZ's most famous & distinguished intellectuals was a green fascist.
3/12 With its rhetoric of blood & soil & its presentation of cities as places of corruption & disease, fascism appealed to men like Jorian Jenks, who was a leading member of Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists. At one point, Mosley named Jenks his deputy fuhrer.
4/12 Jenks believed in making the UK an agricultural autarky, where organically produced farms produced enough to feed the populace & reduce dependence on 'alien' nations. In Germany, many environmentalists joined Hitler's movement.
5/12 Scholar Paul Staudenmeier has written about the convergence between the Steiner movement & the Nazi regime. As well as creating his famous schools, Rudolf Steiner invented a style of 'occult' organic agriculture called biodynamics. Steinerites fused with the Nazi state.
6/12 If the UK had Jenks & Germany had Steiner, NZ had ARD Fairburn. Fairburn is remembered as a fine poet & as a critic of NZ society's reckless treatment of the environment. But he adhered to Clifford Douglas' Social Credit movement, & blamed NZ crises on Jewish usurers.
7/12 In recent years Fairburn has become something of a hero to a new generation of self-styled eco-fascists. The US neo-Nazi website Counter Currents has run long tributes to him, written by the well-known NZ neo-Nazi Kerry Bolton. counter-currents.com/2012/02/rex-fa…
8/12 In Australia, too, the extreme right & environmentalism have overlapped. Bartholomew Santamaria was an Italian migrant to Oz who dominated hard right-wing politics there for decades. He revered Franco & dreamed of turning Australian into a rural autarkic state.
9/12 Santamaria campaigned for much of his life for mass European migration to Australia's interior. He believed the Outback could be made to bloom by peasant farmers. He founded the National Catholic Rural Movement, which established several 'model' villages.
10/12 My father-in-law helped establish the Steiner movement in NZ, but long ago rebelled against Steiner's racist occultism. In recent years the mainstream media has run a number of articles exposing racism in our Steiner schools & Steiner opposition to 1080 spraying.
11/11 Many Steiner teachers oppose vaccines & mandates. Teachers & biodynamic 'environmentalists' have made pilgrimages to 'Camp Freedom'. These people may look to Hehir or Edwards like harmless old greenies. But they hold to an ideology that is far from harmless.
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
1/5 Pacific history is always part of global history. When three young Niueans hacked their tormentor Cecil Hector Larsen to death in his bed in 1953, many palagi interpreted their act thru the prism of Kenya. The Mau Mau, they feared, had come to Niue.
2/5 I’ve been reading Caroline Elkins’ book to get a sense of the way the empire’s defenders were feeling in 1953. It’s hard not to find parallels between the dystopia Resident Commissioner Larsen ran on Niue & the Kenyan order the Mau Mau wanted to smash.
3/5 Today Niue’s prison rarely has more than a couple of guests. In 1949, tho, Larsen, who was judge jury & government on Niue, convicted 1,500 islanders of crimes. He put prisoners to work building roads, growing his food, & building him a golf course.
1/7 MAGA is melting down as the movement's lumpenproletarian base rages against tech bros' talk about American mediocrity & the superiority of migrant workers. I'm reminded of a story Tongan-based American sociologist Maikolo Horowitz told me about Trumpism.
2/7 Horowitz grew up in NYC's Trotskyist community; Allen Ginsberg was a playmate. Later he hung out with Warhol & Lou Reed & turned down a job managing the Velvets. He was too busy helping run legendary protest group Students for a Democratic Society.
3/7 He's spent most of the last 30 years in Tonga, & collaborated for many years with its great educationalist & philosopher Futa Helu. Horowitz used a memory of his SDS youth to illuminate the frustration & resentment that fuel MAGA.
22/30 No one familiar with the history of Aotearoa in the 1840s could take the bill's claims seriously. One only has to read William Colenso's notes of the discussions in Waitangi to see the absurdity of the idea that Maori surrendered all claims to sovereignty in 1840.
23/30 No chief talked about giving up sovereignty. Rangatira talked obsessively about the chaos & land loss caused by Pakeha settlers in the north, & the need for Hobson to control his people. But Act's bill is not about history. It is about psychology.
24/30 By pretending that Maori entered into a mystical union with two thousand Pakeha settlers in 1840 Act has created a sort of origin myth & psychic balm for Pakeha conservatives still unwilling to face the fact of Maori difference, & still in denial about colonialism.
1/30 Te Pati Maori's haka in parliament has been greeted with disgust, anger, & fear by many conservative Pakeha. Like Act's Treaty Principles Bill, this response to the haka is the expression of a massive, long-brewing identity crisis.
2/30 Since the 19thC Pakeha have shown an intense ambivalence towards Maori culture. Lacking a culture unique to these islands, we have alternately suppressed and appropriated Maoritanga.
3/30 During the wars of the 1860s Maori culture was dangerous. Wharenui were burned & wahi tapu systematically desecrated. By the end of the century, tho, Pakeha were turning to Maoritanga as they tried to define themselves.
1/4 Act could help settle the debate about the Treaty of Waitangi by republishing & circulating this little book by William Colenso, which contains his detailed notes on the speeches Maori chiefs made at Waitangi in 1840. But the debate wouldn't be settled the way Act wants.
2/4 Act claims the chiefs inexplicably ceded their sovereignty to a handful of Brits at Waitangi, but anyone who reads Colenso's notes will notice that the chiefs never mention doing that. Nearly all the korero focuses on the problems caused by settlers in the north.
3/4 Riotous behaviour by some settlers & the alienation of land are themes. It is very hard indeed to read Colenso's notes & not feel that the pro-Treaty chiefs wanted to empower Hobson to govern the settlers, not the rest of Aotearoa. That's why many Pakeha disliked the Treaty.
1/60 Martin Phillipps contained multitudes. He leaves an oeuvre that is vast & varied, & that can be interpreted in various ways. I see him as someone who extended & updated a distinctively Pakeha cultural tradition.
2/60 Like the music of Douglas Lilburn, the poems of Ruth Dallas, Charles Brasch & Allen Curnow, & the paintings of Bill Sutton & Rita Angus, many of Phillipps' best songs are powerful responses to the land & seascapes of southern NZ.
3/60 I'm not arguing that Phillipps was necessarily directly influenced by the names I've mentioned. He didn't need to be. He responds to the same landscape, is part of the same history, and dealt with the same dilemmas.