Emma Hilton Profile picture
Feb 21, 2022 12 tweets 4 min read Read on X
This is your regular reminder that I am not an entomologist and I do not study beetles.

My handle is derived from a quote about creationism and I research human genetics and genetic disorders, including one that kills males.

Here is a motor neuron I grew in a dish.
I do not study cool things like…

Jewel beetles. Studies of their iridescence (like liquid crystals) has helped paint chemists. It’s also surprisingly good camo (expt: attach bright or dull wings to mealworms and see which get eaten by birds…).
Dung beetles. They roll crap around all day. Their immune systems are a source of some interest.
Whirligig beetles. They have a tight turning circle for an inflexible body. Boat people are intrigued. London cabbies look smugly on.
Bombardier beetles. Toxic explosions of liquid from their tummy. Apparently, they might inform the design of fire extinguishers and nebulisers, but we’re all thinking jet packs, right?
Namibian desert beetles. How we might harvest water from thin air. Note: not by licking them. I don’t think.
Spanish fly. Beetlejuice. Juice for men, if you get my meaning.
Remote-control search-and-rescue beetle. Enough said.
I wish I studied beetles 😂

Source: popularmechanics.com/science/animal…
And how do beetles become male or female?

Well, it was in a beetle species that Nettie Stevens discovered the XY chromosome system.

vox.com/platform/amp/2…
And a key gene in beetle sex determination is called doublesex.

Males have a long form and females have a short form of doublesex.

The short, female form is made by the action of a protein called transformer.

Or TRA for short.

That is, TRA can convert male>female.
And a final beetle sex fact.

A male flour beetle will ‘mate’ with another. Maybe so when this second male mates with a female, he actually contributes the first male’s sperm. Or the first male is clearing out the old before he finds his own female.

Anyway, here you go.

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More from @FondOfBeetles

Aug 9
"This model of estradiol’s role in improving resistance to wound sepsis predicts at least four “sexes” across two treatment groups: females who are in the proestrus phase, females who are in the diestrus phase, females who are postmenopausal, and males."

This is Sarah Richardson, of the Fuentes review.

Four "sexes", three of them female and the other male. JFC.


Also in the frame as new sexes, fat men, pregnant women and children. JFC.scholar.harvard.edu/files/srichard…
A cell line derived from an unusual cervical cancer (one that spontaneously immortalised) is not even "human", let alone "female", apparently.

It's cervical cancer cell line. Only women have cervices (pl?). JFC.
Read 9 tweets
Aug 4
An interesting article from Professor Andrew Sinclair here, criticising World Athletics proposals to SRY screen their elite female athlete cohort.

It’s a classic. Arguments from authority. Cherry-picking. Doesn’t appear to have read the policy. theconversation.com/world-athletic…
A half-truth.

Apparently-female athletes who test positive for SRY will have a consultation with WA, with a view to medical assessment to better understand any medical conditions (DSDs) they have.

It is this diagnosis that will determine eligibility (or not). Image
After a primer on sex development, Sinclair tries a gotcha.

Describing Swyer Syndrome and CAIS, he argues these athletes would be unfairly excluded.

But WA makes it clear that CAIS is exempt from exclusion. It’s in both the policy and the press release. I doubt Swyer would be excluded either.Image
Read 8 tweets
Jul 28
Ok.

Let’s take Kelly’s penalty at 110 kph and Isak’s belter as 108 kph.

First up, Isak’s belter was from outside the penalty area, under defensive pressure, on the run and without perfect body positioning.

Compare. Image
Image
That Kelly put 110 kph on a penalty is astonishing. That Isak managed to get 108 kph out of this belter is astonishing.

Isak could put 110 kph on a penalty with his eyes closed. Kelly will never get 108 kph on a 20-yard shot she digs out from under her.

No shade.
Much has been made of Kelly’s approach. And her technique is *chef’s kiss*

Now imagine a man with the same expert technique, and who puts in as much % max effort as Kelly?

The ball’s going faster.
Read 5 tweets
Jul 25
Five years ago, I gave a speech comparing sex denialism to creationism.

At the time, my partner-in-crime, Colin Wright, and I were near-lone academic voices willing to stand up and say “Biology! We have a problem!”

@SwipeWright Image
Reflecting, back in 2020, on that state of affairs:

“[That] there are two sexes, male and female is apparently something that biologists do not think needs to be said.

I think they are wrong.”
Since then, biologists with far more authority than an unknown developmental biologist who was trying to work out how nerves navigate over muscles and an unknown evolutionary biologist who was studying what makes insects mad have spoken up.

And their voices are much welcomed.
Read 9 tweets
Jul 23
It took Naomi Cunningham a single minute with a medic under oath to get a straight answer to a question that nobody wants to answer. Image
Crickets. Image
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Crickets. Image
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Read 6 tweets
Jul 14
"My data has suggested that my power, strength, stamina, muscle mass, oxygen levels and lung capacity all fit within the c*sgender female range."

Let's look at why this is a red herring.

onmanorama.com/sports/cricket…
Several people argue that if the metrics of a trans-identified male fall "within female range", it is fair for that male to compete in female sport.

But we need to look at what's typical .v. what's exceptional.
Male traits often overlap with female traits. Height, muscle mass and so forth all generate normal distributions within sex (bell curves), where the lower end of the male range overlaps with the upper end of the female range.
Read 10 tweets

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