Air Mshl Douglas George King-Lee, AVSM PVSM is the oldest surviving Air Mshl of the @IAF_MCC . He was commissioned in 1944 & served in WWII. This thread lives through his exciting career that culminated with a tenure as AOC-in-C of Eastern Air Command in 1983. #IAFHistory (1/12)
Born and raised in Nagpur, he was selected for the 27th Pilot Course & reported to Initial Training Wing Poona in 1943. He did his basic training at EFTS, Jodhpur on the Tigermoth, and was commissioned in Nov 44. He earned his wings at 1 SFTS Ambala flying the Harvard. (2/12)
In Sep 45, he was thrown at the deep end with his first posting to 8 Sqn, flying the Spitfire at Mingaladon, Burma. He remained with sqn for a year & on return was based at Trichinopoly and Kolar where he experienced an accident on take-off (3/12)
In July 46, he was posted to 9 Sqn, then flying the Spitfire, Tempest and Harvard. Based at Peshawar and Bhopal, they would do regular detts to Miranshah. Incidentally, his COs would later be stalwarts of PAF - Air Mshl Ashgar Khan and AVM Mohammad Akhtar. (4/12)
In June 47, he was sent to Central Flying School, UK to be trained as a flying instructor, one of just 70 officers who were sent between 46-50. After his return in Dec 47, he would spend the next 6 years at Air Force Academy Jodhpur training budding pilots. (5/12)
He is a pioneer of Gliders in IAF. In 1951 he was sent to Fursinghi to convert & assess the first gliders. This was a gliding club started by Raja Sahib of Aundh & was later shifted to Hadpasar in Pune. In 1952 he set up Experimental Glider Training Flight at Jodhpur. (6/12)
Between 1956-59 he would be posted to NDA, Khadawasla to setup the Air Force Trg team on Gliders
and was the Officer-in-Charge. This would set the course for intake of cadets into Air Force from NDA for generations to come. (7/12)
In 1963, he was posted to setup 21 Wing at Rupsi in Assam, a WWII airstrip. On his recommendation, this plan was dropped. He was instead sent as the first Stn Cdr of Hashimara (16 Wing). A place that was abandoned, forested, wildlife infested but today houses the Rafale. (8/12)
During his tenure as Stn Cdr, the base inducted two sqn's of Toofani ac and a Mi-4 unit. A tenure as CO of 8 TAC (with 11 Independent Div and 1 Corps), a command of 2 Base Repair Depot at Gwalior, he would find himself in the east on Air Def duties during 1971 war. (9/12)
The day after the war ended he was sent to Dacca, where he moved into the empty PAF Officer's Mess. In 1972, on the establishment of the Indian Embassy, he was appointed as Air Attache. He was asked to stay in Dacca till the end of 1975 as Air Advisor. (10/12)
His contribution to training in the IAF - flying or otherwise, would continue through his career. He was Command Flying Trg officer at Training command from 1959-62, SASO of Trg Command in 1979, and finally commandant of NDC in 1980-82. bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/3… (11/12)
His final years would be of hard operational leadership assignments - AOC of Maritime ops at Bombay, AOC of J&K Air Ops, SASO & AOC-in-C of EAC. Today, 97 years young, settled in Bangalore, "Dougie" is still the thorough gentlemen he was always known as in the IAF (12/12)
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1/ There's growing confusion between two important systems:
👉🏽 Akashteer
👉🏽 IACCS
Both play crucial roles in India’s air defence.
But let’s be clear — they operate at different altitudes — literally and metaphorically.
Here’s how 👇 (1/8)
#IAFHistory
But, let’s get some history, geography and law right.
History: The Network Centric Warfare (NCW) concept was first developed by Vice Admiral Arthur Cebrowski (US Navy) and John Garstka in 1998. It envisioned linking forces digitally to enhance situational awareness and increase warfighting effectiveness.
2/
📕 Let’s talk law — the Union War Book is India’s master document on war responsibilities.
Until 1993, there was no single agency for air defence.
Each service did its bit, and consequently the Army built up significant frontline/terminal AD assets.
Then came a historic shift:
🛡️ “Air Defence of the country is the responsibility of the IAF.”
As we rightly marvel at the IACCS Air Defence system in action earlier this month…
What many forget is that the trigger for IACCS wasn't war.
It was this:
➡️ The Purulia Arms Drop of 1995.
🛩️ Crates of AKs parachuted into Bengal, and no one saw it coming.
🧵👇
#IAFHistory
17 Dec 1995. A Latvian AN-26 aircraft drops weapons over Purulia.
Undetected. Unchallenged.
India was stunned.
A Group of Ministers review followed—and a national embarrassment turned into a call for reform.
At the heart of it: India’s airspace surveillance. 2/
Among the key recommendations -
✅ Procurement of an Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS) for the IAF.
Initial approval: ₹585 Cr for 5 systems.
Approved in principle by Raksha Mantri (1999) & CCS (2001).
I promised to be back with the @IAF_MCC and Sargodha love affair.
Yes, @akshaykumar's Sky Force showed 1965 — but let me tell you about 1971.
This time, it was India’s newly formed Top Gun school — TCDTS — that painted the skies above Sargodha.
Buckle up. 🧵👇
What’s TCDTS?
Formed in 1971, the Tactics and Combat Development & Training Squadron was the IAF’s brainchild for fighter combat.
Based at Adampur, it was packed with the crème de la crème — handpicked MiG-21 and Su-7 pilots who’d go on to rewire enemy expectations.
Before war broke out, these elite pilots were already tasked with rewriting air combat playbooks.
But in December 1971, they were ordered to do something unheard of:
Fly low-level night strikes on heavily defended PAF bases — including the crown jewel: Sargodha.
SAVING FISH OIL: THE BATTLE FOR AMRITSAR RADAR, 1965 🇮🇳
29 PAF missions. Napalm. Rockets. Machine guns.
And the first-ever combat use of the now famous L-70 gun— in the world.
Col Mandeep Singh’s riveting account is a must-read. Sharing the highlights 🧵(1/18)
#IAFHistory
During the Indo-Pak war of 1965, the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) launched multiple missions to destroy the Indian Air Force's (IAF) radar installation near Amritsar, codenamed 'Fish Oil'. Here's how the IAF's defenses stood firm. 2/
The Amritsar radar, a Soviet-made P-30(M), was operated by 230 Signal Unit and was crucial for early warning, covering deep into Pakistani territory. Its strategic importance made it a prime target for the PAF. 3/
No better time to learn the evolution of India’s shield in the skies. #AirDefenceDay
Sharing #IAFHistory deep dives on how @IAF_MCC built a layered defence — radar by radar, missile by missile.
How we rose to meet tech, tactical, and strategic challenges - blunted raids.🧵
This goes back into time from 1944 onwards when Radars came to use by IAF and ends with how we used them effetively in the 1965 and 1971 Wars, after massive struggles.
After the 1965 war, India’s radar and communication gaps were exposed, especially after losing US assistance. What followed was a remarkable, yet largely untold, story of ingenuity and indigenisation, ADGES as it came to be known!
#OTD in 1993, 25 women aeronautical engineers were inducted into the @IAF_MCC as Pilot Officers. Until then, the only women officers were in the medical branch. Standing tall and resolute, they shattered barriers and paved the way for countless others. (1/7)
#IAFHistory
These 25 young women—engineers from across India—joined the Air Force Technical College (AFTC) in Jalahalli, Bangalore.
They had cleared a rigorous selection process from 25,000 applicants. The IAF was serious. The bar was high.
2/
Their training regime mirrored that of male cadets:
🕔 Report by 5:00 AM
🪖 Drill and parade
📚 Aeronautics and engineering classes
🏃♀️ Physical training and sports
🍽️ Strict mess discipline
🌙 Lights out at 10:00 PM