In Ottoman Damascus, ornate tile panels were common decorations, set into the walls of mosques, shrines and other buildings. Many were taken & are now in museums.
A thread on beautiful 17th century fritware tile panels from Damascus, Syria, found in museums across the world...
1/ Tile panel Circa 1550 CE - Circa 1699 1699 CE, Ottoman, Damascus, Syria
Similar is in situ in the shrine of Muhly al-Din Ibn al Arabi in the Salahieh quarter of Damascus, built in 1518 by Sultan Selim I and restored in the 18th century
It is so similar in technique, composition, & style to one signed by Ghaibi & still extant in the funerary complex of Ghars al‑Din al‑Tawrizi (d. 1430) in Damascus that it probably came from that building
Leighton House Museum, Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. @LeightonHouse_
9/ Tile panel Circa 1550 CE - Circa 1699 1699 CE, Ottoman, Damascus, Syria.
This panel of tiles has religious subject matter: the Arabic inscriptions name Allah, the Prophet Muhammad, and the four caliphs of the Sunni tradition.
10/ Three tile panel, 17th century, Damascus, Syria
The same cartoon or stencil are found in the Salimiye madrasa in Damascus dating from 1566. In the 16th century, Damascus became an important Ottoman provincial capital.
11/ Tile panel Circa 1550 CE - Circa 1699 1699 CE, Ottoman, Damascus Syria
Inscribed with the name 'Ali. Panel represents the interior of a mosque & is inscribed with the names of Allah, Muhammad & the caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman & Ali
13/ Eighteen tile panel, 17th century, Damascus, Syria
Panel of 18 tiles belongs to a group of architectural elements known as mihrab panels. This was placed in religious buildings, mostly in mosques, where it indicated the direction of prayer on the qibla wall
Scholars of Islamic culture contributed significantly to botany, herbals & healing, improving knowledge of plants. They classified plants into those that grow from cuttings, those that grow from seed, & those that grow spontaneously
A thread on botany & art in Islamic culture…
1/ The Holy Qur’an provided the initial impetus for the investigation of herbs by Islamic writers, as plants are named in the depiction of Paradise & are used as signs of the Creator’s power and majesty. Inspired by their faith, Muslims worked extensively in this area
2/ Muslim scholars also commissioned botanical studies due to the need for research on medicinal plants, to respond to medical needs & contribute to the physical & mental health of the community. They created the context of the advent of pharmacology in Islamic civilization
The art of Henna has been practiced in South Asia, Africa & the Middle East for over 5000 years. The botanical name of the henna plant is Lawsonia inermis. A member of the Loosestrife family, henna originally comes from Egypt.
A thread on the art of henna in Muslim cultures...
1/ The English name henna comes from the Arabic term الحناء (al-ḥinnā). The name henna also refers to the dye prepared from the henna plant and the art of temporary tattooing from those dyes. Henna has been used for centuries to dye skin, hair & fingernails as well as fabrics
2/ Modern scientists discovered that henna is antibacterial, antifungal, & anti-hemorrhagic & it has historically been used for medicinal purposes. However, although the use of henna has branched out since its discovery in North Africa its most popular use is still beautification
Ismail al-Jazari, a Muslim inventor from the 12th century is known as the "father of robotics" due to his groundbreaking work in the field of automata, which are self-operating machines.
A thread on Ismail al-Jazari, engineering & robotics…
1/ While robotics is considered a relatively new field of science, with the public’s consensus that it is the creation of 20th-century scientists, it would be surprising to know that the field has its roots in the medieval era nearly a millennium ago, with Ismail Al Jazari
2/ Ismail Al Jazari gained fame for his extraordinary inventions, encompassing a wide spectrum of marvels. His repertoire included robots programmed to provide guests with towels, programmable on-off switches for fountains, automated mechanical clocks & much more!
A Candle Clock from a copy of al-Jazaris treatise on automata