This thread tells the tale of how a Russian general was turned.
Image: Wiki
Andrey Vlasov was the most famous/infamous turncoat Russian general. In July 1942 he was captured by the Germans and so began a short but odd story of collaboration.
Image: PD
Vlasov was born in 1901 and in 1919 he joined the Red Army. He served in China in the 1930s alongside Chiang Kai-shek in the struggle against the Japanese Army.
Image: Sven Steenberg
In 1941 he commanded the 37th Army near Kyiv and narrowly escaped capture when the city taken by the Germans in September. Later, he joined the Soviet defence of Moscow and received the Order of the Red Banner medal in January 1942.
Image: Fdutil
Stalin gave Vlasov command of 2nd Shock Army to relieve Leningrad. In March 1942 the attack broke the German lines but stalled. Forced to hold on, his army retreated but was routed in June and he was given up to the Germans by a farmer.
Image: @USNatArchives
Vlasov later claimed that while he was in hiding he became an anti-bolshevik and anti-Stalinist. He was initially interrogated by Generaloberst Georg Lindemann, commander of 18th Army, AGN.
Image: Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L08017,
In July-August 1942, while in captivity in Vinnitsa, Vlasov was approached and interviewed by Wilfred Strik-Strikfeldt, a Baltic German, and serving officer in the German Army.
Image: Sven Steenberg
Strikfeldt was seeking out Russians to form an army of collaborators. They found mutual ambitions for collaboration. A cadre of collaborators were removed to Berlin. Stalin had abandoned Red Army POWs.
Image: @USNatArchives Konstantin Kromiadi-Kruzhin
Stalin had ruled that Red Army POWs would face justice for surrendering. His eldest son, Yakov Dzhugashvili was captured by the Germans, but Stalin refused to make a deal for his release. He died in Sachsenhausen concentration camp 1943.
Image: PD
Russian Liberation Committee was the first stage to raising the Russian Liberation Army - ROA - Russkaya osvoboditel'naya armiya. In 1943 Vlasov wrote a pamphlet ‘Why I have taken up the struggle against Bolshevism.
Image: Wikiarius
ROA began training in 1943/4. Vlasov travelled to POW camps on a recruitment drive
Images: @USNatArchives Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1969-107-03
After discussions with various Nazi leaders it was decided that a proclamation of the movement should be announced at a conference. This was turned into an elaborate affair as delegates were brought from across the Nazi empire.
Images: @USNatArchives
In February 1945 the leaders met Goebbels and the ROA was involved in the Oder battles. Then it was moved to Prague. On 6 May 1945 they turned on the SS in the City, but then the Communist Partisans forced them out of Prague.
Images: @BundesarchivD
Vlasov was captured by the Red Army. He was placed on trial in Moscow and was executed in 1946. A memorial was raised to Vlasov and the movement in New York.
Image: Dennis Fraevich
Vlasov was a tragic but misguided. He was not the example for a coup, but he does prove Russians are not impervious to changing sides.
#WarsawUprising - a short thread about the German command.
First a map that illustrates the full extent of Operation Bagration, the Red Army offensive.
Map - Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr
20 July 1944 Guderian became Chief of the General Staff, Himmler - chief of the reserve army. On 30 July Himmler met Bach-Zelewski had been inspecting East Prussian defences. On 31 July they both met Guderian and Bronislav Kaminski.
@BundesarchivD
The group were planning the defence and security of the Reich, post July plot and had received intelligence that an uprising was planned. Guderian bitterly denied this meeting took place during the postwar war crimes investigations.
During the Second World War, the Germans adopted different types of Kampfgruppe to address command decisions, whether in defence or attack. Institutionally, the concept was used by the police, the army, the Luftwaffe, the SS and the navy during military operations.
Kampfgruppe could be small, company size, or an enlarged brigade. They could include all arms - tanks, infantry, artillery, or air units, or marine, or all of them. There were specialist Kampfgruppe, organised by engineers with some armour support, or infantry with assault guns.
The most famous have been written about like Kamfgruppe Peiper or Kampfgruppe Walther but they don’t explain the cultural story of the this form of battlefield organisation.
1. 110,000 Latvian volunteer fought bravely as nationalists against Soviet oppression.
Or 2. About 42,000 Latvians of our legion served in the SS-Police units and joined Einsatzgruppen killing actions against Jews, socialists and Poles.
In 1944 another 123,000 men were conscripted but only 16,000 front fighters. The rest were committed to combating Soviet, Polish and Latvian partisans.
Latvian volunteers were assigned to HSSPF - North SS-Obergruppenführer Friedrich Jeckeln. He devised the ‘sardine packing’ method of mass killing. Jewish victims were forced to stand on the previous killed. The most vile method during the Holocaust by bullets.
Wiki picture
OTD - 30 January 1943 - 11.00am Berlin. Hermann Göring was about to give a speech commemorating the 10th anniversary of the Nazis coming to power. Since referred to as the eulogy for the 6th Army in Stalingrad. He was rudely interrupted. (Picture: VB 31.1.1943)
3 RAF Mosquitos, led by Squadron Leader Ted Sismore, on a daylight raid - the first on Berlin. The German public heard the air raid sirens (dubbed Meier’s Forest Horns) sound just as Göring was being introduced and the speech was delayed.
Another trio of Mosquitos attacked Rostock forcing Goebbels (aka the poison dwarf) off the air. 18 days later he would give his total war speech. (Picture @BundesarchivD )
1. Consider the Holocaust by Bullets, which you wilfully ignore.
The war in the east had been raging since June 1941. Hitler’s war against the Jews was in full progress from July 1941. Hitler had argued in 1940 that defeating Russia would isolate Britain.
2. Weeks before the attack on Soviet Russia. Hitler and the SS were issuing killing orders known as the Barbarossa directives. The killing units, the Einsatzgruppen, were raised weeks before the invasion. America had no influence on these preparations.
3. The letter. The Heydrich-Göring letter signed on 31 July 1941, initiating the final solution, and it’s direct impact on the everyday killings.
A page from Birds of Prey, in which I focused on the killing actions of German soldiers.
Hitler’s war of extermination unleashed a militarized genocide and the Holocaust. From the outset, German soldiers inflicted the ‘Holocaust by Bullets’ on several million people. The legacy has deeply scarred Europe.
Photography played a very important part in the campaign. The official newsreels, newspapers and journals all carried photographs. They were essential in the visualisation of ideological enemies - to be exterminated under Hitler’s directives.
Images: @USNatArchives@BundesarchivD