Carl Zha Profile picture
Mar 24, 2022 16 tweets 7 min read Read on X
Chinese General of Russian heritage, Lin Hu 林虎. Frmer Deputy Commander of PLA Airforce.

He is 1st gen of PLAAF pilots trained during Chinese Civil War. He flew fighter plane over Tiananmen during the Founding Ceremony of the People’s Republic of China on Oct 1st, 1949
Lin Hu’s father is a Shandong migrant worker who went to Russia where he married his Russian mom. Couple fled to China in Russian Civil War.

Orphaned at age 4, he was adopted by Lin family frm Shandong. He fled abuse at age 11 to join Communist Army during Japanese invasion
Communist commander gave him a new name Hu 虎 meaning tiger, he became known as Lin Hu.

Lin Hu started as an orderly as the Communist Army fought guerrilla war agst IJA in mountains of Shangdong. By Japanese surrender, 18yr old Lin Hu already served 7 years.
18 yr old Lin Hu joined Communist Party in 1945. Aft Japanese surrender, he went w his unit to Manchuria.

As a young man who already served 7 yr in Communist Army, he was selected to be trained as a pilot in new Communist aviation school under surrendered Japanese pilots
Lin Hu was among 1st graduating class of 10 frm the Aviation School 东北老航校.

He flew captured KMT P-51 Mustang over Tiananmen during founding ceremony of the People’s Republic of China on Oct 1st, 1949.

There were only 17 planes, so 9 P-51 flew back over Tiananmen twice
As Korean War broke out, Lin Hu (leftmost backrow in pic1, rightmost one pic 2) flew Mig-15 agst “UN forces”. He shot down 1 F-86, scored hit on another.
Later Lin Hu was shot down himself. Because of his features, Korean villagers mistook him for US pilot and proceeded to beat the crap out of him.

A Korean People’s Army commander who was frmer PLA, recognized his badges and saved him frm further beating.
After Korean War, Lin Hu got married and was made the deputy commander of PLAAF 18th division based in Shadi Air Base in Guangdong.

During 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis, 18th division under his command shot down 2 KMT fighter planes, injured another.
During Cultural Revolution, Lin Hu (left) was demoted frm Deputy Commander of Guangdong Air Force, forced to stayed at home to accept 政审 political investigation
During 1979 Sino-Vietnam War, Lin Hu (left) resumed his command post and went to Yunnan to prepare PLAAF for participation.
1974 battle of Paracel Islands agst South Vietnam and 1979 Sino-Vietnamese exposed many problems w PLAAF which failed to participate.

China talk w France to purchase Mirage 2000 in 1980s. But France backed out in 1986 due to US pressure

Soviet Union offered China Mig-29 instead
Deputy Commander of PLAAF Lin Hu decided Mig-29 not fit China’s need, to import Su-27 instead. He correctly understood USSR in 1990 was in position to say no to cash.

In order to raise funds, Lin ordered stop production of Chengdu J7-2, cut order for J7-3 frm 1,000 to 50
In 1992, Russian Air Force flew 12 Su-27 to China becoming 1st Russian fighter pilots flying into China in more than 20 years.

Ukraine offered advanced air defense Command & Control system. But PLA high command didn’t understand its importance,rejected Lin Hu’s purchase proposal
China purchased Su-27 along w production line. Lin Hu was able to get Russia to agree to licensed production before his retirement in 1994.

By 2006, Russian Su-27 experts shocked to find out Chinese J-11B has surpassed Su-27SK in production quality and fixed many Su-27SK flaws
In 1997, 70 yr old retired Lin Hu (right) was invited to attend Moscow air show. Russian pilot and Hero of the Russian Federation Anatoly Kvochur invited him to pilot Su30.

Lin executed a series of aerobatic maneuvers including the Pugachev's Cobra independently.
Lin Hu passed away on March 3, 2018. Age 90 (91 in Chinese age).

In his lifetime, he witnessed China transformed from a war torn country under Japanese occupation into a world superpower. And he helped to shape that history

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More from @CarlZha

Apr 13
In this history thread, I will talk about how the direct ancestor of Miss Russia 2011 Natalia Gantimurova led to the 1st China Russia border war and Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689.

Her ancestor Gantimur was a Tungus tribal chief who got caught up in Russian and Qing expansion 🧵
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Russian Cossacks' pursuit of fur brought them deep into Siberia Taiga in 17th century. Like Viking before them, they expanded their control via navigable rivers. They're also looking a trade route to China. Oriat Mongols they encountered told them of a Bogda Khagan (Heaven Khan) Image
Cossacks crossed Lake Baikal into Dauria or the land of Daur (people). Mongol Tüsheet Khan ruled Dauria. But Dzungar ruler Galdan Boshugtu Khan defeated Tüsheet Khan along w other Khans of Outer Mongolia, driven them to Inner Mongolia to seek protection of Qing Empire Image
Read 16 tweets
Mar 25
188cm Ukrainian cosplayer Karina at Hangzhou ad02 animation expo. Her fanbase mostly young Chinese women.

She became a cosplayer aft moving to China w her Chinese husband, gained 3.5million Douyin fans. Her husband cheated on her then drowned in Bali's Kuta Beach last Nov on his birthday during their vacation together. Her fans are glad that she seems to be doing ok now.
Karina actually became famous for cosplaying male characters. She towers over her now dead husband who's only 183cm.

Her hubby had responded to how they did photoshoot in which he appeared taller.

He cheated on her while she was pregnant. They made up just before Bali vacation and his drowning death. Karina said she tried to save him but the wave was too strong
Karina actually became famous for cosplaying male characters. She towers over her now dead husband who's only 183cm.

Her hubby had responded to how they did photoshoot in which he appeared taller.

He cheated on her while she was pregnant. They made up just before Bali vacation and his drowning death. Karina said she tried to save him but the wave was too strong
Read 11 tweets
Feb 19
Ethiopian Chinese baby. Father works for a shoe factory.

Many Chinese textile and shoe factories moved to Africa to go around the US imposed quota on Chinese manufactured goods and take advantage of The African Growth and Opportunity Act which provides duty-free treatment to goods of designated sub-Saharan African countries (SSAs)
Chinese comments on the Douyin video: "Does your shoe factories still need people?"

Many thirsty single men in China
Salary day at a Chinese textile factory in Ethiopia.

Chinese factories off-shored to Africa employ mostly local African workers with a small managerial staff send from China.

Made in Ethiopian goods will sell to the US and EU market without facing restrictions on Chinese goods
Read 4 tweets
Jan 23
Emperor Yongzheng (1722-1735) cosplaying as a French nobleman hunting tiger with traditional Chinese trident.

Yongzheng had commissioned many painting of him dressing variously as Han literati, Mongol/Turkic prince, Tibetan lama. They are collectively called 雍正行乐图 literally Yongzheng's fun pictures.Image
Yongzheng as a Turkic (Uyghur) prince. The robe is made from atlas silk produced in Xinjiang Image
Yongzheng as a Mongol noble Image
Read 9 tweets
Jan 21
Immediately after Opium War, Chinese tried to reverse-engineer Western technologies. They build models of steam engines. But they couldn't reproduce in industrial scale because China didn't have developed technical drawings. so work couldn't be quickly replicated.

Chinese illustration of steam locomotive in 1843, right after First Opium WarImage
Lack of developed technical drawing tradition had been a problem back in 1600s when Chinese tried to reverse-engineer European machinery.

side by side comparison between European illustration from 1607 with Chinese illustration of the same in 1627.

Result is that while Chinese could reverse-engineer European machinery at small scale in workshops but couldn't scale the production because the drawing not detailed enough for others to replicate the machineImage
The larger issue is systematic adoption of science and scientific education in Europe that was missing in China. So while Europe didn't surpass China in living standards til after 1750s, roots of the First Industrial Revolution and Great Divergence was much deeper.
Read 6 tweets
Aug 11, 2023
I agree Guns, Germs and Steel's main problems are its lazy research and bad history.

Its section on China is totally laughable. There're much better explanations why the West overtaken China in late 18th century.

Tonio Andrade's The Gunpowder Age for example made a good case… https://t.co/g4IZCDnpc8twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
China invented the world's 1st guns during the vicious wars between Jin and Song Dynasty.

During Mongol conquest, Mongol army would spread gunpowered weapons to Middle East where it would go on to spread to Europe Image
Mongol Yuan Dynasty united warring kingdoms of China for the 1st time since the collapse of Tang Dynasty.

Even after Mongol rulers retreated back to Mongolia, China enjoyed long period of stablity under Ming and Qing Dynasty. Image
Read 8 tweets

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