#全美航空427空难
1994年9月8日,编号N513AU的全美航空波音737-3B7客机,正准备在匹兹堡国际机场的28R跑道着陆。当时天气明朗,但飞机在高度1,830米,距离跑道10公里处突然向左转,然后随即失控俯冲。

机员对于突如其来的失控顿时手足无措,尽管他们已尽最大努力挽救,最后仍只能眼睁睁看着飞机以近乎垂直姿态,猛烈坠毁在比佛县的一处森林中,机上132名成员(127名乘客及5名机员),无一生还。

空难发生后,调查人员惊觉出事班机的坠毁方式,与3年前发生的联合航空585号班机非常相似:两机都是降落前突然失控;失控方式都是方向舵突然失控偏向并像是被卡住,只是方向不同(585号班机是向右,427号班机则是向左)。另一点不同为427号班机坠毁时的天气明朗,并没有气流。
调查人员根据东风航空事故的资料,对方向舵内的液压器做了一连串实验。结果证实,方向舵装置在经过极端的温差,即温度从3万尺高空的零下50摄氏度至地面的30摄氏度(假设)时,就会被卡住,而且不会留有磨损的痕迹。
另外,波音公司亦发出声明,指出若这一装置出现故障时,控制方向舵的踏板亦会同时发生故障。假如使用踏板修正方向舵,该系统会发出完全相反的指令。这解释了为何427号班机的副机长一直想控制飞机至正常水平却不成功,其实当时该系统正发出完全相反的指令,加速飞机坠毁。
调查结果公布后,波音亦修改了所有737的尾舵设计,并全球性地为服役中的737客机更改有关零件。美国国会亦要求航空公司提供部份赔偿予意外的死难者家属。
波音737方向舵故障合集

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