Scientists in the Telomere-to-Telomere (#T2T) consortium have published the first complete, gapless human genome sequence. This can lead to a better understanding of our genomic variations and provide insight for missing heritability and human disease. genome.gov/T2T
With this completed sequence, #T2T researchers discovered more than 2 million additional variants in the human genome! Future studies will be crucial for explaining how these variants affect our health.
.@Aphillippy, co-chair of #T2T from @genome_gov, believes this kind of research will propel more personalized diagnoses and treatments for diseases.
“In the future, when someone has their genome sequenced, we will be able to identify all of the variants in their DNA and use that information to better guide their healthcare.” - @Aphillippy
This has not been an easy effort. Evan Eichler, co-chair of #T2T from @uw, claimed, “Ever since we had the draft human sequence, determining the exact sequence of complex genomic regions has been challenging. I am thrilled we got the job done.”
Many researchers, including @KHMiga, #T2T co-chair from @ucsc, have developed new technologies for decades to complete this sequence. She said, “Using long-read methods, we have made breakthroughs in our understanding of the most difficult, repeat-rich parts of the human genome.”
“This complete human genome sequence has already provided new insight into genome biology, and I look forward to the next decade of discoveries about these newly revealed regions.” -@KHMiga
Many genomic leaders have commented on how historic this accomplishment is, including researchers who worked on the Human Genome Project, and are leading efforts in precision medicine, health equity and more.
"Having the full T2T sequence will allow us to see regions of the genome’s dark matter that have remained hidden from view. These regions harbor complex DNA variation that could hold clues for diseases that we have long sought but not yet found answers." - @WendyKChung
“It took the invention of new methods of DNA sequencing and computational analysis, and the dedication of a remarkable team of scientists, to complete the reading of the 8% of the human genome that was too complex and repetitive in its structure to be resolved 20 years ago."
It was worth the wait — a rich array of surprising architectural features is revealed, with major consequences for understanding human evolution, variation and biological function.” - Francis Collins
Follow @genome_gov all week as we dive into the amazing work completed by #T2T, explain why the work was so difficult and highlight the amazing scientists that made this happen! genome.gov/T2T
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We are so glad you asked!! First off, your middle schooler sounds really cool, and they have good taste in interests. We have a lot of great resources to help them learn more about all kinds of genomics topics, and we work hard to make them easy to read and enjoyable! (Thread)
To start, we have a fact sheet that can give them the basics of DNA, genomics, genetics, sequencing and the Human Genome Project. They might already know the basics, but it can also be a good guide/reference to go back to whenever you need it! go.usa.gov/xz58G
Once they feel comfortable with the basics, they can check our factsheets on some of the fundamental science in our bodies, like chromosomes and biological pathways, and current research in genomics like polygenic risk scores. go.usa.gov/xz58u
When Human Genome Project researchers announced they had successfully completed sequencing the human genome, it was only about 92% complete. There were still hundreds of gaps or missing DNA sequences. Why was it so difficult to complete the sequence? Let’s break it down! #T2T
A quick refresher: DNA strands are made up of chemical units called nucleotide bases. These are adenine (A),cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Your body reads the order of these letters to determine the info in the strand, just as you read a word to determine its meaning!
An organism’s complete set of DNA is called its genome. Nearly every single cell in the body contains a copy of exactly 3 billion DNA base pairs that make up the human genome. You read that right — 3 BILLION. In other words, the human genome contains a massive amount of DNA!