The worse thing about #Bucha#Буча is that it is only beginning. We will see more news like that soon. We need to record everything and ensure justice. Last week I talked to @kelly_zvobgo and asked several ignorant questions about war crimes, genocide, and justice...🧵
Genocide is not just killings. It is a set of abuses, anxiety, sterilization – anything that would help to destroy a racial, ethnic, national or other group in whole or in part. So you don’t need mass killings for it to be genocide...
You don’t need it to be ethnic or racial group being targeted. So if lawyers and judges could establish that Putin intended to destroy in whole or in part the Ukrainian civic nation, that its national identity was targeted, this can be recognised as genocide
I asked "What kind of documentation should Ukrainians collect right now?".
The photographic and video evidence and getting it out of the country is very valuable because records can always be taken or destroyed....
Then, just the narratives of people, especially older people and the harms of their experience, because we don’t know if they end up surviving this conflict.
Any ability to make a digital preserve in the cloud, send it abroad or to be able to get them out with people as they are crossing the border will be vital to create this critical mass of documentation and testimony for later use.
We also talked about "transitional justice" which has 4 pillars: truth, justice, reparation, guarantees of non-repetition or non-recurrence. We talked "Truth Commissions" and sanctions. Video of our 60 mins talk with @kelly_zvobgo is here:
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Another surprising miscalculation. I often see that Ukrainians (officials, media, scholars, NGO) are often perceived and treated exclusively as eye witnesses, a biased part of the conflict. This, their data, ideas and narratives are immediately disregard...1/15
Which is weird, because this underlying assumption is only a part of the story. People working in social science know it very well. We all are biases and not neutral, but we have protocols and tools to address these biases and control for them. The biggest problem here is... 2/15
That Ukrainians have a significant expertise, and people throw it away because they don't know how to identify and control biases. This is not efficient. Examples of expertise are: 3/15
Tomorrow Monday, 9 am EDT / 15 pm Kyiv time, @KyivSchool will host Ambassador Picketing. We will broadcast via our Facebook and YouTube pages (comments)
A few more words about "surprising" unity of Ukrainians ("surprise" to many, but common knowledge for sociology folks). I will break it down in "culture", "identify", and "attitudes". I use parentheses because these concepts are debates in sociology and must be clarified... 🧵
Since early 1990, there were many studies of high level concepts like culture and values. E.g. a paper by Michael Kohn with Ukr and Pol sociologists who use terms like "social structure and personality" (essentially they use this terms very close to what we call values now).
There was a special project executed by Lviv sociologists (Chernysh and co) who compared values of Lviv and Donetsk regions. They did it for many years.
When I lived in Utrecht, I saw this Dutch movie about two sisters who were separated by the WW2. They had husbands: dutch Jew who died in the concentration camp, and a German officer who died in a war. Basically, the movie is about how the first was not able to forgive, but...
But the second tried very hard. She made a lot of efforts to contact and apologize, and finally they saw each other when they were very old, and they had some powerful conversations just before one of them died. Powerful movie.
The first was able to forgive in the end...but the tragedy of ukr and rus is that Russians do not even try to say sorry: some support Putin, others support "both sides are wrong", some are in denial, some left and care about their wellbeing.