“I shook hands with the devil. I have seen him, I have smelled him, and I have touched him.”

28 years later, remember. #Kwibuka Image
In October 1993, the United Nations established a mission to aid the peace process between the Hutu-led government of Rwanda and the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front.

Then Brigadier-General Roméo Dallaire was the UN Force Commander. Image
Rwandan radio stations had been transmitting anti-Tutsi messaging, inciting neighbours against neighbours.

The messages repeatedly dehumanized Tutsis, describing them as “cockroaches” and “snakes.” Image
In January 1994, an informant, Jean-Pierre Abubakar Turatsinze, approached Dallaire’s aides.

He told them a Hutu paramilitary group, the Interahamwe, was planning to exterminate the Tutsis and that they “could kill up to 1,000” in just 20 minutes.
Dallaire sent this memo to his UN superiors, to share the information and his plan to seize a weapons cache.

He acknowledged that the informant’s tips could be a trap. Nevertheless.

“Where there’s a will, there’s a way. Let’s go.” Image
The response.

“We cannot agree to the operation contemplated in paragraph 7 of your cable, as it clearly goes beyond the mandate entrusted to UNAMIR under resolution 872 (1993).” Image
That April, a plane carrying Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana, a Hutu, was shot down, killing everyone on board.

The rampage began. Militant Hutu groups killed 20,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus within a few days.
Dallaire and his staff tried unsuccessfully to arrange a ceasefire. They helped individual Rwandans and foreign nationals find safety.

Major Brent Beardsley ventured into hostile armed mobs to rescue people and bring the injured to hospital. Image
Those radio broadcasts and their dehumanizing messages? Those that turned neighbours against their neighbours?

The broadcasts continued.
In 10 weeks, more than 800,000 Rwandan men, women, and children were shot, hacked with machetes, or beaten to death.

Women and girls raped before they were murdered. Others, left for dead, survived. Image
More than 800,000 people horrifically erased.

Survivors’ wounds seen and unseen. Image
The Canadians who arrived after the genocide helped with relief efforts. They still carry it with them.

Denis Lebrun still carries it with him.

“It was not a mission, it was a nightmare.”
theglobeandmail.com/politics/artic…
When he left Rwanda and his plane landed in Canada those many years ago, nobody was there to greet Major-General Roméo Dallaire.

“Why is the rest of the world carrying on like nothing has happened?”

Nobody was there. Image
Never forget the cost of dehumanizing your neighbours. Never forget the cost of inhumanity and indifference.

28 years later, remember Rwanda.

Kwibuka. Image

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Who were they? Image
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(h/t: @pptsapper)
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"I have to," he'd say.
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Yes, Canada is a big place.
We practiced responding to threats to North America's northern approaches, including intercepting aircraft.

We practice together.
We learn together.
Many of us work with our neighbors throughout the United States. Americans work with their neighbours, the back home versions of us, in Canada.

We respond together.
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The First Special Service Force was an elite group of American and Canadian soldiers during the Second World War. They were fearless and feared.

Why did 18-year-old Jim Summersides join the Force?

Coffee. Good coffee. Image
You can motivate soldiers with good food and coffee. Real coffee. Logistics wins.

“We thought we died and gone to heaven.”
They had the same training. The same uniforms. They were brothers, their nationalities indistinguishable.

If not for the accents, that is.

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He stormed the Nazis on D-Day, fought to liberate France, Belgium, and Holland.

Canada had treated Ukrainian-Canadians like enemies, but he still signed up.

Do you know about Wally Bunka?
During the First World War, Canada took Ukrainian-Canadians from their homes, took their belongings, and interned them in places like Fort Henry in Kingston. Some were sent to labour camps.

Canada treated them as enemies.
Years later, with that pain still lingering, many of their children signed up to fight the Nazis for Canada.

40,000 Ukrainian-Canadians served during the Second World War. 40,000.

Including Wally Bunka.
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