Walter Schloss may be one of the most under appreciated investors of all-time.
Warren Buffett referred to him as ‘Big Walt’. They worked together under Benjamin Graham during the 1950’s.
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Walter and Warren first met at a Marshell Wells shareholder meeting. The company was trading below liquidation value which made it of interest to both of them.
Warren mentioned Walter in the ‘Superinvestors of Graham and Doddsville’ in 1984.
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“…He knows how to identify securities that sell at considerably less than their value to a private owner… He simply says, if a business is worth a dollar and I can buy it for 40 cents, something good may happen to me. And he does it over and over and over again….
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He owns many more stocks than I do – and is far less interested in the underlying nature of the business; I don't seem to have very much influence on Walter. That's one of his strengths; no one has much influence on him.” - Warren Buffett
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When Buffett described him as a super investor in 1984, Walter had been managing the WJS Partnership single-handedly for 28 years.
Over that 28-year period, WJS had 21.3% compounded annual return. The S&P returned just 8.4% over the same period.
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Walter applied Benjamin Grahams net-net investing strategy.
“I used the same investment approach I used at Graham-Newman — finding net-net stocks. It was all about capital preservation because I had to serve in the best interests of my investors.” - Walter Schloss
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Schloss ran his one man shop out of the closet of Tweedy Browne. He intentionally wanted minimal overhead costs and didn’t want or need the resources others on Wall Street were using.
Naturally, Schloss was much more of a quantitative investor. He didn’t care for quality.
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“The thing about buying depressed stocks is that you really have three strings in your bow: 1) earnings will improve and the stocks will go up; 2) someone will come in and buy control of the company; or 3) the company will start buying its own stock .”
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“The thing about my companies is that they are all depressed, they all have problems and there’s no guarantee that any one will be a winner. But if you buy 15 or 20 of them, they’re bound to work out well.”
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“If you buy companies that are depressed because people don’t like them, for various reasons, and things turn a little in your favor, you get a good deal of leverage.”
- Walter Schloss
In a nutshell, he had a diversified portfolio of low quality, illiquid net-net stocks.
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Walter did not work excessive hours like the rest of Wall St. He worked 9-5 and kept his entire process as simple as possible.
He did not over think anything. Walter bought a heap of incredibly cheap stocks and did not stray from his approach.
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If you want to read more about Walters approach, you can read his ‘factors needed to make money in the stock market’ one-pager below.
Walter Schloss (1916-2012).
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Shelby Davis is probably the best investor you’ve never heard of.
Davis started investing at 38 years old with just $50,000. By the end of his career he turned that into $900 Million!
He averaged 23.2% annual returns over 47 years!
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$1 compounded at 23.2% over 47 years amounts to $18,143!
Shelby Davis’ returns are arguably the best long-term returns ever. Only comparable to Warren Buffett or maybe Walter Schloss.
If Davis began investing earlier in life, he would likely be the greatest of all-time.
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Davis was perhaps the best example of investing within your ‘circle of competence’.
His incredible returns were generated from investing in almost exclusively insurance companies. Prior to investing he worked for the states insurance department.
“The highest rates of return I’ve ever achieved were in the 1950s. I killed the Dow. You ought to see the numbers. But I was investing peanuts then. It’s a huge structural advantage not to have a lot of money”.
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“I think I could make you 50% a year on $1 million. No, I know I could. I guarantee that.”
Over the 12 years of the Buffett Partnership, he averaged returns of 29.5% annually, with no years of negative returns.
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During the Partnership, Buffett invested in what he categorised as Generals, Workouts & Control Situations.
In more modern day terms, investors would likely define these categories as; Deep Value/Net-Nets, Special Situations & Activism.
Warren Buffett formed the Buffett Partnership in 1956. He was just 25 years old at the time.
Buffett started with $105,100. His limited partners were all family members + a college roommate and his lawyer. Just seven partners in total.
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By 1962, Warren Buffett became a millionaire at 31 years old. The partnership now had a value of over $7 million of which ~$1 million belonged to Buffett.
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Buffett ran the partnership with no management fee. He would instead receive 25% of any returns above 6% annually. This unique fee structure and incredible returns made Buffett very popular.
$OPRA is an innovative small-cap that develops web browser products as well as news, fintech and gaming applications.
Opera currently has ~350m MAUs. Search and advertising revenue grew 47% YoY.
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Opera competes with $GOOGL chrome, $MSFT edge and $AAPL safari, however are very differentiated. They target more niche audiences such as the gaming community with Opera GX.
Opera browsers include features such as a built in VPN, messenger, e-wallet, ad blockers etc.
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Opera don’t keep their products simple just to appeal to mass audiences, instead they differentiate and provide personalised applications for specific audiences.
$OPRA outsources the search function to $GOOGL and has consistently renewed terms over the past two decades.
Joel Greenblatt in his podcast with @williamgreen72 says he doesn’t find an 8 stock portfolio ‘concentrated’.
Greenblatt discussed the importance of being concentrated when making his 40% annual return over 20 years. He was comfortable in his 70% weighted position.
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There is certainly more risk in being concentrated than diversified. Mathematically it is clear the more concentrated you are, the more likely you are to outperform the market.
Although it’s a double edged sword as you as also more likely to underperform.
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Diversification is asking for market average performance.
It’s not impossible to outperform with a diversified portfolio, but it’s very hard to outperform by a large margin like Greenblatt did with 40% annual returns in the 90’s.