After a long time on fusion shots, we're back to diagnostic work. We're measuring the x-ray spectrum emitted from the plasma, which is a way of measuring it's temperature. Using 6 channels per shot with different filters we can get the spectrum. (1/n) 🧵 @FLFusion#fusion
The set here covers a range of photon energies from ~500 - 1500 eV. The Cu one stands out; each filter transmits a specific energy window. Unfortunately, nothing is easy. To get the x-rays out we have to put a hole in the target. (2/n)
The hole changes the dynamics, so we have to simulate the diagnostic version with the hole and check our results against that. The x-rays also interact with the hole. They can be absorbed in the walls and vapourise them, making them expand and making the hole close up. (3/n)
This can make a hotter target look colder, because the hole closed. Anyway, this image is the fully assembled target with detectors, gas fill connections, tilt adjustment and stuff. The important bit is inside the black tube, most of the vertical height is the amplifier. 🙂 (4/4)
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Enough lay-chat. What have we really done? Everything here comes from our white paper detailing the experimental results. If you want them, every single raw data trace is there. 🧵(1/n)
The signature of fusion is emission of neutrons. This pic shows DT fuel; we used DD in today's result. The DD reaction also produces a neutron, but 2.45 MeV instead of 14.1 MeV. (2/n)
We used two different types of neutron detector. The scintillators give time-resolved information, are more sensitive, but are also sensitive to photons at all wavelengths. This means careful light-tighting (lots of bin bags and "science tape"). (3/n)