The Knysna forest of South Africa still holds many secrets. Gareth Patterson has been trying to unravel these for the last two decades. His first interest being the African bush elephant, thought to be gone from the area, except for one solitary female elephant.
Through Gareth's research he has discovered that there is actually tiny but viable population of elephants there still, and something far more mysterious, and even more elusive, The Otang.
Gareth's first introduction to the Otang was a story by a group of wealthy and well-travelled German tourists, as follows.
Gareth then continued his research trying to find evidence of the elephants, gaining more ground and becoming more certain that there was a viable population. He had found a spot in the forest he refers to as "The Secret Place", and after visiting it multiple times he saw Otang
Gareth had befriended a local he calls Mrs. Jordaan where he learned the local name for these creatures 'Otang' Mrs. Jordaan had seem them years before when she was in her forties and recounts her story below
‘They are like the elephants, Gareth,’ ‘They like the solitude and secretiveness, but,’ ‘a few of them are curious about us forest people. Like the one that I watched for about fifteen minutes one night.’
Mrs. Jordaan speaking to Gareth about Otang
Mrs. Jordaan and other Forest People report that the Otang are primarily active at night, with most sightings happening during the night, though it is not unheard of to see one during the day, crossing a road, or fleeing, such as the German tourists encounter
On one retelling Gareth thought to ask Mrs. Jordaan how tall it was, with Mrs. Jordaan ultimately explaining it was over seven feet tall!
Gareth then heard many reports from forestry workers in the area explaining that they are extremely Human-like, with these reports gradually changing Gareth's approach to finding both the Elephants and the Otang. Instead of actively searching for them, He would let them find him.
He then continued having multiple experiences with the Elephants, and eventually, a second Otang encounter.
Two years later, a third sighting, this time a likely male Otang almost 7 feet tall!
The Otang is not the only relict hominid purported to live in Africa, there are others such as Agogwe, Kakundakari, Fudu, Ogo. The Ogo is often described as almost identical to the North American Sasquatch
Gareth has since had three more encounters that I do not have direct accounts for, as well has many other Forest People's personal accounts. Is it possible that a relict hominid, russet hair, and seven feet tall could lurk in the forest of Knysna?
Maybe one day we will find more evidence than footprints and personal accounts that in the forest of Knysna not only does a lost population of elephants live, but also a lost branch of our family tree.
I encourage you to look into Gareth's work yourself, and pick up his books to read these accounts and more yourself.
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Popular perception of King Arthur is often filtered through a lens of current culture. This is not a modern issue, and dates back as far as the earliest romances involving Arthuriana.
As a primer, it is still often parroted that King Arthur never existed, but current philological arguments on the Arthurian content within the Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals) make a strong case that they are genuine, and date to the 6th century, within living memory of Arthur.
The majority of the earliest evidence of Arthur favors the North, and the earliest corpus of material on the period (exception of Gildas' De Excidio) generally holds a Northern context. However, by the time of Geoffrey of Monmouth Arthur is almost certainly a composite figure.
Interesting approach to looking at Grendel, and other similar human-like entities from European contexts. taken from the book
"MANLIKE MONSTERS ON TRIAL:
EARLY RECORDS AND MODERN EVIDENCE"
The description from the 12th century German Genesis.
This kind of beast, often referred to as Þyrs (a term Grendel himself is called, and later conflated and translated as Demon)
In 1136 Geoffrey of Monmouth published 'De gestis Britonum' later called 'Historia Regum Britanniae' and created what would then be used as the core canonical story of King Arthur. This was the springboard for many 'histories' as well as fiction.
Geoffrey claims to have been translating a "very ancient book in the British tongue" when writing his Historia, and much has been made to try and source said book, though Geoffrey seems to have worked from Gildas, Bede, Nennius, and numerous others in reality.
Much of what Geoffrey presents is not found in these sources however, and he seems to have creatively filled in many gaps, using information gleaned from kings lists and now lost chronicles.
Mordred is always a fascinating figure, and the possibility that he's a composite is present much like the composite Arthur himself.
Medraut doesn't start as a negative figure, and is initially well regarded. Very little of this early tradition survives, his death in 537 as recorded in the Annales Cambriae probably the earliest mention.
"The Strife of Camlann in which Arthur and Medraut perished"
It is only after Geoffrey of Monmouth penned his 'Historia Regum Britanniae" and the subsequent influence of Brut y Brenhinedd that he becomes a negative figure all around.
There is a common mistake of assuming deep antiquity to many parts of later Arthuriana. Excalibur vs The Sword in the Stone is one of those. Excalibur is probably the older of the two, appearing in the Folktale-esque Culhwch and Olwen, which probably dates to the 11th century.
The Sword in the Stone itself dates to the early 13th century, appearing first in Robert de Boron's Merlin. Robert seems to have been heavily influenced by the story of Saint Galgano's sword in the stone, which was extremely popular at the time.
The Prose Merlin, part of the Vulgate-Cycle is clarifies that it was Excalibur drawn from the stone. This is later redacted in the Post-Vulgate cycle which makes them different.
In the incomplete Arthurian poem 'Pa Gur' one, possibly two of the battles in Nennius' list of King Arthur's battles are corroborated. Nennius' battle list is the earliest 'Historical' document to mention Arthur, and it is interesting to see two of it's battles in Pa Gur.
"In the Mount of Eidin
he fought with dog-heads.
Every group of a hundred would fall.
There fell every group of a hundred.
Before four-sinewed Bedwyr
on the shores of Tryfrwyd
in the struggle with Garwlwyd,
he was fierce in affliction
with sword and shield."
Tryfrwyd immediately stands out, as this is almost certainly the same battle as Tribruit, Arthur's 10th battle in Nennius. Bedwyr is said to have fought Garwlwyd here, 'Rough-Grey' often assumed to be the same figure from a Triad, Gwrgi Garwlwyd