"The livestock sector is currently the single major driver of habitat loss and degradation, which is in its turn a leading cause of species decline and extinction worldwide."
Important study + 🧵thread on this main driver of biodiversity loss:
"The production of livestock alters natural habitats not only via land-use change, but also through its outputs of agrochemicals, nutrients, sediments, antibiotics and hormones into natural environments."
"The multiple, synergetic, and ubiquitous past and present processes by which human carnivory threatens the world's biodiversity makes it arguably the most detrimental aspect of our ecology, from a conservation point-of-view."
Carnivory is the most impacting aspects of human ecology in terms of the proportion of vertebrate species they affect (26.1%), followed by forestry (23.5%), infrastructure (17.2%), pollution (11.1%), and invasive species (10.4%).
Let's address all, but we need awareness of #1!
To address the biodiversity crisis, we need shifts to plant-based.
"Across all animals, livestock exclusion increased abundance and diversity"
No doubt there are also many other drivers of biodiversity loss, as these studies also make clear, but as we strategize to address this crisis, to leave the gluttony and subsidization of animal-sourced foods out of the discussion is complete denial.
Rewilding and allowing native grasses and animals to thrive again has huge ecological benefits. 🧵/1
@WilliamJRipple's et al. measurements as documented in 'Rewilding a Mountain' outlines this well in the semi-arid Hart Mountain antelope refuge in Oregon: rewildingamountain.com
In 1990, contrary to pressures by cattle groups, the land conservation stewards here voted to ban cattle grazing based on the science showing its ecological degradation to this riparian land. The result:
/2
The biodiversity increases, including much more birds and antelope, were clearly visualized and measured, further highlighting potentials in addressing the biodiversity crisis through rewilding land dedicated to grazing cattle.
There's huge variability in GHG estimates from animal agriculture.
Groups game the numbers to suit one's confirmation bias. The FAO has engrained corporate interests (Meat Secretariat) and use the lowest estimate (14.5%) and advocacy groups are drawn to the highest (51%+)
🧵
What's important is knowing how the numbers are influenced so you can critically analyze it. And in reality, there's uncertainty and a huge amount of data that's missing to truly make an exact figure accurate.
This new study just out contributes to the clarification of the quantification of emissions, and asks why the dominant framing from the FAO avoids calls for reductions in animal consumption and the systematic changes needed to influence it.
Livestock production is often said to be responsible for only 4.2% of total U.S. GHGs. This is an EPA figure so many assume it's accurate.
But this calculation doesn't account for several direct and indirect GHGs, and this narrow metric fails to show the full picture.
THREAD
Firstly, the 4.2% figure *does not* include the production of animal feed and forage.
That's like saying the GHGs from trucks are minimal, without mentioning that the emissions from gasoline weren't included in the estimate.
Feed and forage, according the USDA and FAO:
This isn't a minor forgotten aspect since it includes vast amounts of N2O emissions, land use change, and deforestation, some of which is in other countries.
And growing crops, to cycle through animals, is often assumed as an efficient process. It's not:
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. There's no reason to exaggerate an anecdote. Just replicate and measure it for its truthfulness.
Which brings me to the thread on my initial thoughts of the new #KissTheGroundMovie now on Netflix. They claim soil is a:
I don't know how one can spend 7 years on a project like this and not be shown the science that there's measurable limits to carbon that can be sequestered in soils, and it's easily reversible, especially in pastureland: fcrn.org.uk/sites/default/…
But holistic grazing leader Allan Savory makes many appearances with the usual "grazing reverses desertification/climate change" claims, failing to mention grazing is also the major driver of deforestation & topsoil loss globally.
We should be concerned about soil issues, but these concern me more:
- 68% drop in animal populations since 1970
- Lost C sinks with 42% of pastureland that used to be forest/wooded savannas
- Deforestation in March 2020 jumped 150%
- Unnecessarily large agricultural footprint
We continue to exploit and destroy nature at an unprecedented scale.
See the 2020 Living Planet Report, one of the most comprehensive assessments of global biodiversity available and was complied by 134 experts from around the world. amp.theguardian.com/environment/20…
Pastureland, at the core of the issue, has replaced forests at unprecedented scales over the last decades.