1/ COVID-19 Risk Reduction
Positivity rates are currently increasing significantly in many locations. Whether vaccinated (hopefully) or not, the risk of COVID-19 infection can be significantly reduced by lowering your inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles.
2/ In indoor air quality parlance, that can be done by
* Source removal
* Source reduction
* Concentration reduction
3/ SOURCE REMOVAL
“If there is a pile of manure in a space, do not try to remove the odor by ventilation. Remove the pile of manure." Max von Pettenkofer (1858)
4/ I do not mean to draw analogies between piles of manure and humans, but von Pettenkoffer goes to the heart of "no source, no issue."
Test and stay home if positive. Stay home if you feel any relevant symptoms until you have a chance to test. Play it safe and protect others.
5/ SOURCE REDUCTION
Use high-quality, e.g., N95, masks to signif' reduce emissions from someone (maybe you) who is infected and also reduce inhalation of respiratory aerosol particles by those not infected, a double benefit that can lead to 99+% reduction in inhalation dose!
6/ CONCENTRATION REDUCTION
This means lowering the concentration of respiratory aerosol particles in indoor air given that sources do exist. Have outdoor meetings whenever feasible and reasonable.
7/ Outdoor dispersion of respiratory plumes is orders of magnitude > dispersion indoors.
If meeting outdoors is not possible, bring some of that outdoors in as conditions allow. Increase outdoor air ventilation where you have control (at home, the building you manage, etc.).
8/ The concentration of respiratory aerosol particles can be reduced by using right-sized HEPA air cleaners, a proven technology that can easily add to 2.5 to 3.5 or more equivalent ACH in many school classrooms, small apartments, rooms in homes, shared office spaces.
9/ #CorsiRosnethalBox es not only lower the concentration of respiratory aerosol particles indoors but the high flow rates can also lead to significant dispersion of respiratory aerosol plumes in close contact by adding significant mixing to indoor spaces.
10/ Based on published data, these devices can lead to 2 x the CADR of good $300 air cleaners for 1/4 to 1/3 the cost, meaning the addition of 5 to to 7 or more equivalent ACH to the spaces described above. Proof here: tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
11/ Listen to @Don_Milton, @ShellyMBoulder and others about the benefits of appropriate germicidal UV technology. In this case the concentration reduction is not of virus-laden aerosol particles, but rather effective inactivation of viruses in those particles.
12/ None of this has changed during this entire pandemic. Lower inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles. It's not rocket science, folks. Just do it!
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1/ As Indoor Air 2022 approaches I am reminded that 11 yrs ago today marks the opening ceremony of Indoor Air 2011, which drew 1,000 delegates from 46 countries. Honored to serve as President alongside gr8 friend and tech chair, @gcmorr & @ut_caee colleagues. More images ....
2/ Delegates arriving, receiving their tie dye conference shirts, & being serenaded by a great Mariachi band.
3/ Youngest poster presenter was an elementary school student who studied indoor air quality in his classroom. Doing so is not new, folks. Seen here w/ proud mom.
1/ 600,000 particles/liter is not a very high concentration of submicron particles in indoor air. That's only 600 particles/cm3, which is actually pretty low in most indoor environments. Once diluted into room air the concentrations will be very low.
2/ But if the 600 particles/cm3 is higher than that measured in room air entering the device there are two logical reasons that might be added to other hypotheses you are receiving (but again not a major concern in my mind given the actual number.
3/ Given that we are dealing with sub-micron particles --sure wish we need the actual sizes - less than 0.1 microns (ultrafine)? May be volatilization of semi-volatile chemicals in casing, filter, etc. at elevated interior T, w/ condensation as soon as they hit room temp air.
1/ I have always believed in & practiced collaboration across disciplines & have been so disappointed by how difficult this has been for many during this pandemic. The silos have been particularly thick, as has some of the disciplinary thinking.
2/ I was fortunate and honored to serve as PI and Director of a highly-interdisciplinary NSF-funded IGERT program for PhD students for many years at UT Austin. One of my great joys was seeing these students work on projects across disciplines. They got it!
3/ Some even wrote an editorial in 2009 about the importance of cross-disciplinary collaboration to solve pressing problems relevant to indoor environments - particularly building scientists working w/ health scientists. Hmmm? I wonder what that might have helped with!
1/ As a vegetarian my entire adult life, this is a question that I have never pondered.
It does remind me of work done by my old PhD student, David Olson, to quantify trihalomethane formation from chlorine chemistry in dishwashers. getpocket.com/explore/item/h…
2/ David used a common dishwasher detergent w/ various food groups in vials & actual dishwashers (including dirty dishes from a home) to quantify chloroform formation & release from dishwashers, and resulting impact on occupant exposures.
3/ An excerpt follows from the paper as related to chloroform formation, protein solubility, and impacts of freezing fish and poultry.
"Protein solubility, that is, the amount of protein in a
sample that dissolves in solution, may also affect chloroform formation."
2/ In a large fraction of classrooms it is possible to use a combination of increased outdoor air + a #CorsiRosenthalBox to achieve 10 to 12 ACH, approaching an isolation room in hospitals. And these are just 2 of several tools at our disposal.
3/ A #CorsiRosenthalBox can add up to an equivalent of 7 ACH to an averaged-sized K-12 classroom housing 25 to 30 students. At a cost of between $4 to $5/student/yr (a fancy coffee/yr) inclusive of build cost, replacement filter cost, and energy cost.
1/ Had a few folks ask where I’ve been in twitter discussions of COVID-19. Still here & doing what I can to promote & act on lowering inhalation dose of virus-laden aerosol particles. Continuing discussions w/ reporters & policymakers (when asked), but largely in the shadows.
2/ Been keeping up w/ twitter banter when I have breaks, some of which has been great & some enormously frustrating. My position as dean of @UCDavisCOE is demanding but exciting, and has been job 1 for the past 7 months. Hopeful to engage a bit more once the spring term ends.
3/ My passion for promoting the importance of lowering inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles has not waned since the early days of the pandemic. If you've followed me for awhile you will be familiar with my early tweets.