Diversity is natural, uniformity is artificial. Whenever you see the uniformity of cultural memes, be it the linguistic map of modern France or the style of Russian icons, you may be sure it is a result of violent homogenisation. Consider this trifacial Trinity from Tobolsk
Trinities with three faces and four eyes were quite common for the Early Modern Siberia. Ecclesiastical authorities of Tobolsk issued two orders in 1748 and 1770 forbidding the use of these "Hellenic" (=pagan) images. Still they were used in churches and privately till the 20th c
Imperial authorities disapproved three facial trinity icons. When Catherine II was visiting Kazan in 1764, a local merchant brought her such an icon as a gift. She ordered to arrest him and investigate immediately. Heterodoxy in iconography would arouse suspicions in heresy
While Imperial authorities and the official church fought with this iconography style, it seems that it was the Soviet state that killed it. Reportedly, the three facial icons were used till the anticlerical campaigns of 1920-1930s, when the old tradition was effectively uprooted
With the transformation of the USSR to Russia, Russia kinda started re-clericalizing with the Orthodox Church wealth and power growing immensely. Plenty of churches, monasteries and other institutions were opened again. But contrary to the popular belief it was not a revival
Older and much more natural religious tradition that existed before the 20th c. was killed and it could not be revived. What came in the late 20th c. was an top-down, centrally directed innovation rather than revival of a revolutionary tradition. Which could not be revived
Complexity and cultural continuity are nearly impossible to recreate once they're interrupted for more than a generation. Once it's gone, it's gone and those advocating for "revival" of an old institution are in fact shilling for yet another modern for profit franchise. End of🧵
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
The OKBM Afrikantova is the principal producer of marine nuclear reactors, including reactors for icebreakers, and for submarines in Russia. Today we will take a brief excursion on their factory floor 🧵
Before I do, let me introduce some basic ideas necessary for the further discussion. First, reactor production is based on precision metalworking. Second, modern precision metalworking is digital. There is simply no other way to do it at scale.
How does the digital workflow work? First, you do a design in the Computer Aided Design (CAD) software. Then, the Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software turns it into the G-code. Then, a Computer Numerical Controller (CNC) reads the code and guides the tool accordingly
Relative popularity of three google search inquiries in the post-USSR. Blue - horoscope. Red - prayer. Green - namaz. Most of Russia is blue, primarily googling horoscopes. Which suggests most of the population being into some kind of spirituality rather than anything "trad".
The primary contiguous red area is not in Russia at all, but in West Ukraine. Which is indeed the only remotely "conservative" (in the American sense) area of the East Slavic world. Coincidentally or not, it had never been ruled by Russia, except for a short period in 1939-1991
In the blue and occasionally red sea, there are two regions that primarily google namaz, the Islamic prayer. That is Moscow & Tatarstan
There are two ways for a poor, underdeveloped country to industrialise: Soviet vs Chinese way. Soviet way is to build the edifice of industrial economy from the foundations. Chinese way is to build it from the roof.
1st way sounds good, 2nd actually works.
To proceed further, I need to introduce a new concept. Let's divide the manufacturing industry into two unequal sectors, Front End vs Back End:
Front End - they make whatever you see on the supermarket shelf
Back End - they make whatever that stands behind, that you don’t see
Front End industries are making consumer goods. That is, whatever you buy, as an individual. Toys, clothes, furniture, appliances all falls under this category. The list of top selling amazon products gives a not bad idea what the front end sector is, and how it looks like.
Nation state is not some basic property of reality (as many falsely presume). They do not just organically grow out of the “ethnically drawn borders”. That is not how it works. They usually grow out of the *administratively* drawn borders, on whichever continent.
First they draw administrative borders based on whatever rationales and considerations. Then, these arbitrarily drawn administrative borders turn out to be surprisingly stable, more stable than anyone could ever expect. Eventually they become borders of the nation states.
States do not grow out of ethnicities. States grow out of the administrative zones, fiscal zones, customs zones et cetera. Basically, a Big Guy got a right to collect taxes and rents over these territories, but not those territories. Then the border between what he can milk…
Every election in the US attracts huge global attention. People in Pakistan, people in Paraguay, people in Poland, people in Papua New Guinea are monitoring the course of elections and tend to hold strong opinions regarding whom they would prefer to win
Why would that be the case? Well, one obvious reason would be that the US elections are, in fact, seen as the world elections. People in Paraguay do not vote in the US and yet, the US elections have a very strong impact on the fortunes of Paraguay.
Or Russia, in this case:
And I am not discussing the economic fortunes only. In terms of politics, in terms of culture, in terms of discourse, American relations with the rest of the world tend to be strikingly one-directional. Much or most of the global discourse comes downstream from the Unites States
There is hardly any other genre of literature more factual, and more realistic than the sci-fi. It is exactly its non-serious, seemingly abstract character that allows it to escape censorship and ostracism to a far greater degree than it is normally possible for a work of art.
Sci-fi allows you to to present the most painful, insulting, insufferable, obnoxious, criminal and traitorous arguments in a non-serious way, as a fun, as a joke. In this regard, it is far superior to any other genre. Compare three ways to sell a heresy:
By its very nature, sci-fi is inseparable from the social commentary. For this reason, quality sci-fi should be always read as a self-reflection and self-criticism of the society it is written in.
If the "Gulliver’s Travels" is a reflection on Britain…