It's #BeerDay, so raise a glass to Göbekli Tepe in 🇹🇷.
This ~12,000-year-old site is an early monument made by hunter-gatherers. It features some of the oldest possible evidence of beer drinking, made from wild cereals.🍻
Troughs at the site contain traces of the grains that could be used to make beer.
Alternatively, the grains could have been used to make porridge (the researchers can't tell if it was fermented or not). But beer seems like a great motivator to build such a monumental site.
Throughout history, people have gone to extreme lengths for beer.
Like in Iceland, where the cold meant growing barley was hard. But Vikings did it so they could make beer.
🔗 from 2013 (£) buff.ly/3icyf6d
📷: A Viking hall where the beer was likely consumed
So if you plan to celebrate #BeerDay, be glad you didn't have to build a giant monument or grow barley near the Arctic first! 🍻
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The archaeology of Doggerland - the submerged prehistoric landscape in the North Sea - could be destroyed by ambitious plans for offshore wind power, making it important to study it first. buff.ly/3Hothi6
It was thought a devastating tsunami submerged Doggerland ~10,000 BC. However, research shows some of the lost landscape survived this catastrophe.
📷: Left) Doggerland ~12,000 BC; right) when the tsunami hit
The tsunami was triggered by a giant submarine landslide in the North Sea ~8,150-years-ago.
📷: The location of the landslide, by Lamiot / CC BY-SA 3.0
The ruin of St Mary's Church in Reculver, Kent, is itself inside the ruin of a Roman fort called Regulbium (the surrounding area of mown grass) #RomanFortThursday
📷 by Geoff soper / CC BY-SA 4.0
Here's an image from 1781, showing the intact church and part of the Roman wall (bordering its grounds in the bottom left).
Here's a picture of the wall itself, taken in the 1930s by the founder of Antiquity OGS Crawford.
Archaeologists have discovered a system of hidden tunnels beneath the pre-Inca Chavín de Huántar temple complex in Peru. buff.ly/3mGZB6v
At the 1st millennium BC site, exclusionary drug use appears to have taken place. A small number of priests appear to have consumed the hallucinogen vilca in enclosed galleries.
📷: Vilca seed
Later in South American history, drug use became less exclusive and more inclusive. The Wari Empire served beer laced with vilca at feasts. The Inca served huge quantities of maize beer.
The Temple of Hatshepsut, an Ancient Egyptian complex with three large terraces.
It was constructed for Pharoh Hatshepsut, one of the few confirmed female Pharaohs, who ruled Egypt ~3,500-years-ago #TombTuesday
The impressive Temple served as a venue for religious festivals and a place where Hatshepsut's mortuary cult could continue to leave offerings and give rites for her.
📷: The Temple from above, showing its multi-layered structure. By Wouter Hagens / CC BY-SA 3.0
The mortuary cult used a side room, known as the Chapel of Hatshepsut, which was decorated with massive reliefs depicting offerings being given to the Pharoh.
A Roman villa with a large mosaic depicting the Iliad was discovered in Rutland (🇬🇧) last year. A geophysical survey has revealed the complex covered 50,000 m2 with a garden, bathhouse, chapel and mausoleum. buff.ly/3LswZIx
Ground-penetrating radar helps archaeologists study several sites without having to dig anything up.
Here, it's used to map the Roman city of Falerii Novi in 🇮🇹, identifying shops, temples, and more.
Ground-penetrating radar also revealed a previously unknown Viking ship burial at Gjellestad in 🇳🇴 - the first such burial to be excavated in nearly 100 years!
🆕: Research at a 4000-year-old village in Orkney exploring the impact of a female-dominated wave of migration has revealed it led to a peaceful and productive period.