At Stonehenge, this special sunrise would have been framed by a pair of stones (although now only one survives).
📷: The surviving stone illuminated by the solstice; by Andrew Dunn / CC BY-SA 2.0
This computer model of the site shows how the Heel Stone and its missing partner would have framed the solstice sunrise, marked by the solid red arrow.
📷: By Jlert Joseph Lertola / CC0
This event likely had spiritual significance, but it could have also had a practical purpose.
Stonehenge may have served as a calendar, helping people count the days, weeks, and months of the year. The solstice shining through on the correct day confirms you counted right.
The proposed calendar works in a very straightforward way. Each of the stones in the sarsen circle is a day in a 30-day month, itself divided into three weeks of 10 days (decans). Distinctive stones mark the start of each week.
📷: The sarsens, with calendar bits labelled.
If you want to find out more, the original research is #OpenAccess:
1,000-year-old garden unearthed in the medieval town of Soba, Sudan. buff.ly/3FyfKD7
Soba was the capital of the medieval Kingdom of Alwa. It was a large city on the banks of the Blue Nile, with churches, monasteries, fine houses, and beautiful gardens.
It was abandoned by the 16th century and fell into ruin.
📷: location of Soba by SimonP / CC BY-SA 2.0
Oral tradition says the fall of Soba was the result of a Queen's scheming plunging the land into chaos and violence.
The archaeologists had found support for the chaos of this legend, finding churches were burnt and tombs robbed shortly before Soba's fall.
🆕: China’s first emperor was famously buried with the terracotta army, but new research reveals this includes over 20 elite horses specially selected to accompany Emperor Qin Shihuang to the afterlife.
Horses played a crucial role in economic, cultural, and military aspects in China through the first millennium BC. Skill in horse husbandry contributed to Qin’s military power, helping them triumph over other states. 2/10
📷: Horses of the terracotta army / Sewel / CC BY-SA 3.0
The horses were found in an accessory pit of the 2,210-year-old mortuary complex, along with a wooden cart, and terracotta figures. It is thought to represent one of the administrative complexes of the Qin Empire. 3/10
Congratulations to Mike Parker Pearson et al., winners of the 2022 Ben Cullen prize🎉
Their work identified that some of the megaliths of Stonehenge may have originally been part of a Welsh stone circle.
Check out their officially award-winning work (🆓) buff.ly/3rFcVsf
Stonehenge is made up of large sarsens and smaller bluestones. The team of archaeologists had previously traced the origins of the bluestones to a quarry in west Wales.
📷: One of the quarries for Stonehenge's bluestones.
This raised the question: did the stones have a life before Stonehenge?
Even myths about the monument had the stones being imported from another circle (with the help of giants and Merlin).
📷: Medieval depiction of Stonehenge showing giants importing it.
The archaeology of Doggerland - the submerged prehistoric landscape in the North Sea - could be destroyed by ambitious plans for offshore wind power, making it important to study it first. buff.ly/3Hothi6
It was thought a devastating tsunami submerged Doggerland ~10,000 BC. However, research shows some of the lost landscape survived this catastrophe.
📷: Left) Doggerland ~12,000 BC; right) when the tsunami hit
The tsunami was triggered by a giant submarine landslide in the North Sea ~8,150-years-ago.
📷: The location of the landslide, by Lamiot / CC BY-SA 3.0
The ruin of St Mary's Church in Reculver, Kent, is itself inside the ruin of a Roman fort called Regulbium (the surrounding area of mown grass) #RomanFortThursday
📷 by Geoff soper / CC BY-SA 4.0
Here's an image from 1781, showing the intact church and part of the Roman wall (bordering its grounds in the bottom left).
Here's a picture of the wall itself, taken in the 1930s by the founder of Antiquity OGS Crawford.
Archaeologists have discovered a system of hidden tunnels beneath the pre-Inca Chavín de Huántar temple complex in Peru. buff.ly/3mGZB6v
At the 1st millennium BC site, exclusionary drug use appears to have taken place. A small number of priests appear to have consumed the hallucinogen vilca in enclosed galleries.
📷: Vilca seed
Later in South American history, drug use became less exclusive and more inclusive. The Wari Empire served beer laced with vilca at feasts. The Inca served huge quantities of maize beer.