Krim steroid apabila dipakai bersama2 dgn pelembab, mmg terbukti berkesan merawat eczema. Steroid tak boleh stop tiba2 tau. Nanti eczema akan dtg balik lagi teruk.
Ok don’t worry, jom belajar sama2 hal ini!
1) Rawatan eczema berpaksikan kepada sapu sapu sapu. Takda ubat or krim magic. Sapu pelembab paling kurang 3x sehari. Jika ada radang (merah/gatal/kulit tebal), maka perlu beri ubat lawan radang. Jika tidak diberi, ada risiko ia akan jadi melarat.
2) Eczema ni ada hotspot areas. Maksudnya tempat yg selalu kena. Favourite places. Pelipat elbow, leher, belakang lutut...
Hotspot sbb area2 ini ada subclinical inflammation. Maksudnya, bila radang sudah settle di mata kasar kita (tiada merah/gatal), tapi masih ada radang bawah kulit yng kita tak nampak. If we stop the steroid cream SUDDENLY, radang itu akan mengganas semula.
3) 3rd konsep adalah ;
Ubat sapu anti-radang ada 2.
i) steroid
- steroid ada pelbagai kekuatan. Sila rujuk table. Ada mild (ringan), moderate (separa kuat), potent (kuat) dan superpotent (sgt kuat). Can refer to my previous post, on how to choose the correct steroid cream.
ii) calcineurin inhibitor (TCI)
- Another ubat sapu anti-radang adalah tacrolimus & pimecrolimus. Keberkesanan seperti steroid, cuma takda side effect steroids. Sounds amazing kan? But they are not cheap. So its not widely available.
4) Cara nk pakai steroid ni ada 3. Tolong hadam please.
i) Fingetip unit (FTU) : sy sudah terang in previous post
ii) Tapering steroid : kurang dos & kekerapan steroid.
iii) Proactive treatment (a very important concept, and akan diterang in a bit)
5) Kebanyakan orang menggunakan krim steroid secara ‘REACTIVE treatment’. Maksudnya bila ada flare, kita sapu. Bila ok stop. Pastu flare balik, kita pakai. Then kita stop again. Ulang ulang cycle yang sama. In other words, kita REACT (bertindakbalas) apabila kulit kita flare.
6) Tapi kita taknak reactive treatment anymore. We are moving towards PROACTIVE treatment. So how to do that? Ok here goes.
Bayangkan hotspot anda adalah di belakang lutut. Tiba-tiba ia flare. Jadi merah, teramat gatal, mengerutu dan mula menebal.
Step 1 : Sapu moderate potency steroid (contoh betamethasone 1 : 4) 2 x sehari for 5 – 7 days. Bila ada improvement, go to..
Step 2 : sapu steroid yg sama 1x sehari untuk 5 – 7 hari sehinggalah eczema clears (tiada merah/gatal)
Step 4 : If kulit still ok, now is the time to move on to proactive treatment...
Caranya; tukar kepada mild steroid (hydrocortisone 1%) atau calcineurin inhibitor (mentioned above). Sapu salah satu ini DUA (2) KALI seminggu. Boleh buat weekend therapy sahaja. Jika tak larat, boleh buat 1x seminggu. Lakukan ini sebagai maintenance therapy utk kekalkan kulit ok
**Step 1 - 3 adalah tapering steroid. Step 4 adalah proactive treatment.
***Remember, sepanjang buat semua ini, pelembab JANGAN JANGAN JANGAN LUPA! It has to be used together! If not, u are just wasting your time & energy.
7) So lastly, kenapa doktor suka sgt proactive therapy? Sebabnya tuan2 & puan2, sudah terbukti dalam kajian :
i) Kurangkan radang
ii) Jika radang berlaku sekalipun, jarak masa antara satu ke satu radang adalah jauh.
iii) Jimat kos rawatan eczema jangka masa pjg
iv) Yang paling bes, patients pun lebih suka. Bcos they can finally have control on their skin. When patients are happy, doctors are happier!
Ok itu sahaja leteran for today. I doakan this helps you managing your patients/your kids/you punya own eczema. Till next time, babai!
Ref : 1) Written eczema action plan, CPG Malaysia Atopic Dermatitis 2018 2) Appraisal of Proactive Topical Therapy in Atopic Dermatitis: Pros and Cons (2021) 3) Fitzpatrick Dermatology Textbook 9th Edition
Dr Syazween XX
Pakar Kulit
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*Doktor, anak saya ada eczema. Boleh cek makanan apa dia allergic?*
Hello orang ramai!
Seringkali pesakit dtg ke klinik saya, minta allergic test. Byk org fikir eczema = food allergy. Nak katakan salah, tidak. Cuma kurang tepat saja.
Don’t worry, mari kita tepatkan!
1) Eczema adalah sejenis penyakit kulit yg kompleks. Ia bukan disebabkan oleh faktor pemakanan semata-mata. Ada interaksi antara faktor genetic, lapisan kulit luar tidak normal, proses keradangan (dysregulated inflammatory response) & faktor luaran spt debu, bulu binatang etc.
2) Eczema memang ada kaitan dgn food allergy. Cumanya, food allergy berlaku hanya dalam 5% sahaja dalam pesakit eczema. Sebab itu, ramai pesakit yg sudah elak semua jenis mknan sehingga ada yg terbantut tumbesaran, ttp eczema masih juga melarat.
This is scabies. It is caused by mites (hama) called Sarcoptes scabiei. Mind you, it is a verrrrrrrrry itchy condition.
Follow these threads to know about this COMMON condition.
1) In kedah, we call it ‘kudis buta’. Reason because, the mites affect the secluded parts of our body such as in between the fingers, toes, skin folds of elbows & knees, armpits and kemaluan. Parts which are NOT visible to your eyes easily. Tersembunyi gitu.
2) The mites only like human. It doesn’t infest your pets, doesn’t matter how fancy your pet is. It is very contagious, and can be transferred from human to human.
AUSPITZ SIGN
This is the famous Auspitz sign in psoriasis. It is the bleeding dots you see, when you scrape off the psoriasis scales. (Scales adalah lapisan kulit mati yang kering dan yang paling luar sekali.)
Follow these threads to know more about this interesting sign.
So, why do you get Auspitz sign? In every human skin, we have small blood vessels under the skin, right? However, when you have psoriasis, because of the inflammation going on, the blood vessels become bigger and more prominent (lebih besar & lebih nampak).
Usually with the scales on top, they cover the blood vessels making it invisible to your naked eyes. So, imagine if you remove the scales, then tadaaa! You can now see the pinpoint bleeding which are the blood vessels. Hence, the Auspitz sign!
This drug is commonly given for moderate to severe acne patients. It is more effective that antibiotic, so many patients love it. But its not all rainbow and shiny for this drug. It carries risks and side effects too.
Follow these threads to know more.
1. Taking this drug while you are pregnant is dangerous. It can cause the baby to be born abnormal. If you don’t plan to get pregnant but are sexually active, please use double contraception. However,after stopping it for 1 month, you can get pregnant again with no issue.
2. Do not donate blood while using this drug and 1 month after stopping. Do not share this drug with your family members or friends. 3. The drug can cause increased cholesterol level. Sugar level and liver enzymes can also be affected. You must come for regular blood check-up.