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Jul 6, 2022 14 tweets 4 min read Read on X
If you study these 13 maps for just a couple of minutes each, you'll understand history much better.

Starting with... the migrations of prehistoric humanity. Image
Ancient Mesopotamia

The cradle of human civilisation. Writing, the wheel, and cities are just a few of the inventions we owe to the people of Sumer, Assyria, and Akkad. Image
The Bronze Age Collapse

A pivotal and mysterious moment in history, when much of the known world order imploded. Image
Ancient Greece

It wasn't a country - it was a collection of culturally aligned (but highly differing!) city-states with varying political structures. Image
The Conquests of Alexander the Great

From Macedonia to the Indus River Valley, history's greatest conqueror left a blazing trail across the known world. Image
Where were the books of the Bible written?

In many different places, centuries apart. This gives you some idea of the true scale of the Bible. Image
The Provinces of the Roman Empire

If you know the ancient names by which modern places were known, it will make reading Roman history much more enjoyable and understandable. Image
Ancient Rome itself. Image
Ancient India

A sorely unappreciated historical era. Image
The Crusades

You've heard about them, but now you can see where they came from, where they went, and how they got there. Image
The expansion of the Ottoman Empire

The growth of one of the first truly pluralistic empires, spanning three continents and lasting for over six centuries. Image
Pre-Colonial Africa

A vitally important map which isn't studied enough. Image
Europe on the eve of the First World War

Before the Old World tore itself to pieces. Nothing would ever be the same again. Image
These maps are far from a definitive list.

Rather, they're aimed at providing some general context of time and place.

Once you've got a basic framework of date and location in mind, history starts to make much more sense.

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More from @culturaltutor

May 21
When Vincent van Gogh started painting he didn't use any bright colours — so what happened?

It isn't just about art.

This is a story about how we're all changed by the things we consume, the places we go, and the people we choose to spend time with... Image
The year is 1881.

A 27 year old former teacher and missionary from the Netherlands called Vincent van Gogh decides to try and become a full-time artist, after being encouraged by his brother Theo.

What does he paint? The peasants of the countryside where his parents lived. Scheveningen Woman Sewing (1881)
Vincent van Gogh's early work is unrecognisably different from the vibrant painter now beloved around the world.

Why?

Many reasons, though one of the most important is that he had been influenced by his cousin, the Realist painter Anton Mauve, who painted like this: Fishing Boat and Draught Horses on the Beach by Anton Mauve
Read 23 tweets
May 13
This painting is 101 years old.

It was made by George Bellows, one of America's greatest ever painters — and an artist who changed what art was all about... Image
There have been many great American painters.

Like Frederic Edwin Church and the rest of the Hudson River School.

During the 19th century they painted colossal, almost photorealistic, luminescent views of the American landscape: Image
Then there's the legendary Edward Hopper and his quiet, captivating urban scenes.

There's a certain quality to life in the city — its solitude, its strange stillness — that nobody has portrayed better. Image
Read 24 tweets
May 5
Napoleon died 204 years ago today.

He rose from obscurity, joined a revolution, became an emperor, tried to conquer Europe, failed, spent his last days in exile — and changed the world forever.

This is the life of Napoleon, told in 19 paintings: Image
1. Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole by Antoine-Jean Gros (1796)

Napoleon's life during the French Revolution was complicated, but by the age of 24 he was already a General.

Here, aged just 27, he led the armies of the French Republic to victory in Italy — his star was rising. Image
2. The Battle of the Pyramids by François-Louis-Joseph Watteau (1799)

Two years later Napoleon oversaw the invasion of Egypt as part of an attempt to undermine British trade.

At the Battle of the Pyramids he led the French to a crushing victory over the Ottomans and Mamluks. Image
Read 20 tweets
Apr 27
It took 8 architects, 21 popes, and 120 years to build and finish St Peter's Basilica in Rome.

And, four centuries later, it's still the largest church in the world.

So here's a brief introduction to St Peter's... Image
The first impression anybody has when they see St Peter's Basilica in Rome, in real life or in a photo, is awe.

Because this is an immensely impressive building — it was and remains the world's largest church by volume.

Others are taller, but none are so vast. Image
The same is true of the inside — a cornucopia of art and architecture, of gold and bronze and marble and mosaic and sculpture.

And, again, it has proportions beyond gargantuan.

The baldachin alone (a kind of ornate canopy, below) is 30 metres tall. Image
Read 25 tweets
Apr 22
The Sistine Chapel is one of the world's greatest buildings, and it has the most famous ceiling in history.

But what is it, who built it, and what does "Sistine" even mean?

Well, here's the surprisingly controversial history of the Sistine Chapel... Image
Where did the Sistine Chapel get its name?

It was commissioned in 1473 by Pope Sixtus IV and completed nine years later.

His name in Italian was Sisto and the chapel was named after him, hence "Sistine" Chapel. Image
Where is the Sistine Chapel?

It's within the Apostolic Palace — the Pope's official residence — in the Vatican City.

But, for such a famous and important building, it isn't very noteworthy or impressive from the outside. Image
Read 25 tweets
Apr 18
This is Burg Hohenzollern in Germany, one of the world's most beautiful Medieval castles.

Except that it isn't a Medieval castle — trains had been invented before it was built.

And so Hohenzollern is a perfect introduction to Neo-Gothic Architecture... Image
If you want to understand Neo-Gothic Architecture then the best place to begin is with something like Hohenzollern.

It seems too good to be true — and that's because it is.

What you're looking at here isn't a Medieval castle; it's not even 200 years old. Image
There has been some kind of fortification on this hill, at the edge of the Swabian Alps, for over one thousand years.

An 11th century castle was destroyed and replaced in the 15th century, but that second castle soon fell into ruin. Image
Read 24 tweets

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