The Cultural Tutor Profile picture
Jul 6, 2022 14 tweets 4 min read Read on X
If you study these 13 maps for just a couple of minutes each, you'll understand history much better.

Starting with... the migrations of prehistoric humanity. Image
Ancient Mesopotamia

The cradle of human civilisation. Writing, the wheel, and cities are just a few of the inventions we owe to the people of Sumer, Assyria, and Akkad. Image
The Bronze Age Collapse

A pivotal and mysterious moment in history, when much of the known world order imploded. Image
Ancient Greece

It wasn't a country - it was a collection of culturally aligned (but highly differing!) city-states with varying political structures. Image
The Conquests of Alexander the Great

From Macedonia to the Indus River Valley, history's greatest conqueror left a blazing trail across the known world. Image
Where were the books of the Bible written?

In many different places, centuries apart. This gives you some idea of the true scale of the Bible. Image
The Provinces of the Roman Empire

If you know the ancient names by which modern places were known, it will make reading Roman history much more enjoyable and understandable. Image
Ancient Rome itself. Image
Ancient India

A sorely unappreciated historical era. Image
The Crusades

You've heard about them, but now you can see where they came from, where they went, and how they got there. Image
The expansion of the Ottoman Empire

The growth of one of the first truly pluralistic empires, spanning three continents and lasting for over six centuries. Image
Pre-Colonial Africa

A vitally important map which isn't studied enough. Image
Europe on the eve of the First World War

Before the Old World tore itself to pieces. Nothing would ever be the same again. Image
These maps are far from a definitive list.

Rather, they're aimed at providing some general context of time and place.

Once you've got a basic framework of date and location in mind, history starts to make much more sense.

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More from @culturaltutor

Dec 18
The colour of a street's lighting can totally change how that street looks and feels.

But that's only one example of how the smallest details influence architecture and urban design.

So, from sidewalks to chimneys, here are some more... Image
To heat our homes we use air conditioning or central heating — rather than fires — now.

An obvious but easily missed consequence of this change is that houses no longer have chimneys.

This is one reason new houses so often look strange; they just seem to be missing something. Image
Surely the most famous architectural example of details making a difference comes from Classical Architecture.

The Parthenon in Athens, built in the 5th century BC, has dozens of tiny alterations made to improve its appearance.

Like its tapering columns, called "entasis": Image
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Dec 16
"Decem" means 10 in Latin — so why is December the 12th month of the year?

It's a story involving Julius Caesar, a lost month called "Intercalaris", and the longest year in history.

But it begins three thousand years ago with Romulus, the mythical founder of Rome... Image
Romulus was the mythical founder of Rome, supposedly descended from Aeneas, who fled from Troy centuries before.

He and his twin brother Remus were raised by a wolf and, eventually, they fought over the founding of a new city.

Romulus killed Remus — and Rome was born. Image
Legend says that (among many other things) Romulus gave the Romans their first ever calendar.

It had ten months, each of 30 or 31 days, and began in March.

These were the names of those months, either named after gods or after their position in the calendar: Image
Read 18 tweets
Dec 14
Over 2,000 years ago there was a philosopher who believed in atoms, speculated about aliens, created a theory of evolution — and even said religion was just superstition.

Here's a brief introduction to Epicureanism, the strangest (and most controversial) ancient philosophy... Image
Epicurus was a philosopher who lived in Athens in the 3rd century BC.

He refined and expanded on existing beliefs until he had created a definitive philosophy of his own: Epicureanism.

Epicurus also set up a school in Athens, where he taught these ideas, known as "the Garden". Image
In the 1st century BC these beliefs were put into an epic poem by a Roman poet called Lucretius.

This poem, called "On the Nature of Things", is sort of like the Epicurean manifesto.

All quotes here are from On the Nature of Things, as translated by AE Stallings in 2007. Image
Read 23 tweets
Dec 9
The Notre-Dame is France's most famous cathedral, but it isn't the biggest or even the best.

So here are some of France's other (and less well known) Gothic wonders... Image
There's plenty of great Gothic Architecture in Britain, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and other countries.

But France is the true home of the Gothic — just look at Tours Cathedral, say.

And after all, France is where the Gothic first emerged in the 12th century. Image
The first major Gothic building was the Basilica of Saint Denis in Paris.

The lower level of arches below, from the 1140s, marks the beginning of Gothic Architecture and the end of Romanesque Architecture, which preceded it. Image
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Dec 5
Which or That, explained: Image
If it even matters, one of the subtlest (and most misunderstood) nuances of the English language is the difference between "which" and "that".

They are similar — both are used to introduce additional information in a sentence — but serve different purposes.
Crucial here is the difference between "restrictive clauses" and "non-restrictive clauses".

A restrictive clause is one that adds information necessary to understand the meaning of a sentence.

A non-restrictive clause is one that adds additional but not necessary information.
Read 17 tweets
Dec 2
The most beautiful paintings of Winter:

1. Full Moon by Louis Douzette (1869) Image
2. Snow in Mukojima by Hasui Kawase (1931) Image
3. Deep Snow by Hans Baluschek (1918) Image
Read 23 tweets

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